_____ in Object-Oriented COBOL is a way to define a contract that a class must adhere to, specifying the methods it must implement.
- Encapsulation
- Inheritance
- Interface
- Polymorphism
Interface in Object-Oriented COBOL is a way to define a contract that a class must adhere to, specifying the methods it must implement. It establishes a set of method signatures that must be implemented by any class that implements the interface.
In a COBOL application that manages inventory data, you encounter a situation where multiple entries with the same product code exist. How would you handle these duplicate records to calculate accurate inventory quantities?
- Implement a COBOL program to aggregate quantities for each product code
- Sort the inventory data based on product codes to identify duplicates
- Use a database query to identify and merge duplicate entries
- Utilize a COBOL array to store unique product codes and their quantities
Utilizing a COBOL array to store unique product codes and their quantities is an effective approach. This allows for easy comparison and aggregation, ensuring accurate inventory quantities for each product code in the COBOL application.
In error handling, what is the purpose of the EXIT statement's numeric operand?
- It defines the error message
- It designates the exit level
- It indicates the severity of the error
- It specifies the file status code
The numeric operand in the EXIT statement designates the exit level. It helps control the flow of execution by specifying the level at which the program should terminate in the event of an error.
How can you handle decimal point alignment when performing arithmetic operations on packed decimal fields?
- By adjusting the decimal places in the PICTURE clause
- By using the DISPLAY format
- By using the USAGE IS DISPLAY clause
- By using the USAGE IS PACKED-DECIMAL clause
Decimal point alignment in packed decimal fields is managed by adjusting the decimal places in the PICTURE clause. This ensures that arithmetic operations on packed decimal fields maintain proper alignment and precision.
The _____ statement in COBOL is used for looping and repetition.
- EVALUATE
- IF
- MOVE
- PERFORM
The PERFORM statement in COBOL is used for looping and repetition. It allows a set of statements to be executed iteratively based on a specified condition or a fixed number of times.
Explain the concept of "caching" in the context of file handling performance optimization.
- Caching is a technique to store frequently accessed data in memory for faster retrieval
- Caching is used only for read-only file operations
- It involves compressing file data to reduce storage space
- It refers to creating multiple copies of files for redundancy
Caching in file handling optimization involves storing frequently accessed data in memory, reducing the need for repeated disk access. This results in faster read operations as the data is readily available in memory, improving overall system performance.
In COBOL, what is the default scope of a variable declared within a procedure?
- Global scope
- Local scope
- Regional scope
- Universal scope
By default, a variable declared within a procedure in COBOL has a local scope. This means that the variable is accessible only within the procedure in which it is declared, reducing the risk of unintended interference with other parts of the program.
How can you handle file positioning errors in COBOL?
- By checking the value of the FILE-STATUS special register
- By using the "AT END" condition
- By using the "INVALID KEY" phrase
- By using the "NOT INVALID" condition
File positioning errors in COBOL can be handled by using the "INVALID KEY" phrase. This allows programmers to specify actions to be taken when there is an issue with positioning within the file, such as moving to a default record or taking corrective measures.
What are some advantages of using VSAM (Virtual Storage Access Method) for indexed file processing in COBOL?
- Efficient random access, support for large datasets, and built-in data integrity features
- High-speed sequential processing, easy integration with external files, and automatic record locking
- Simplicity in implementation, low storage overhead, and compatibility with relational databases
- Simplified data retrieval, compatibility with ASCII encoding, and low processing overhead
VSAM offers advantages such as efficient random access, support for large datasets, and built-in data integrity features, making it suitable for applications that require quick and direct access to specific records in a file.
In COBOL, the _____ clause is used to define the data items that are passed as arguments to a subprogram.
- GIVING
- INPUT
- OUTPUT
- USING
The USING clause in COBOL is used to define the data items that are passed as arguments to a subprogram during invocation. It specifies the variables or data areas to be shared between the calling and called programs.