Applications that need a fire-and-forget mechanism without the need for acknowledgments usually employ the ________ protocol.

  • FTP
  • ICMP
  • TCP
  • UDP
The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is used for applications that require a "fire-and-forget" mechanism, where speed is more important than reliability and acknowledgments. UDP doesn't provide acknowledgment or error-checking like TCP.

For secure web browsing using HTTPS, browsers typically connect to web servers on port number ________.

  • 21
  • 443
  • 80
  • 8080
Browsers connect to web servers using port 443 for HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) to ensure secure, encrypted data transfer between the client (browser) and the server. Port 80 is used for standard HTTP.

In the context of networking, protocols ensure ____________ between devices.

  • Data Privacy
  • Hardware Compatibility
  • Interoperability
  • Network Speed
Protocols ensure interoperability between devices. They define a set of rules and conventions that devices must follow to communicate effectively, ensuring that different devices can understand and work with each other.

In the context of the transport layer, which mechanism ensures that lost or corrupted data packets are retransmitted?

  • Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ)
  • Congestion Control
  • Error Detection
  • Flow Control
In the context of the transport layer, the mechanism that ensures that lost or corrupted data packets are retransmitted is Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ). ARQ techniques help in detecting and recovering lost or damaged data packets, thereby ensuring reliable data transmission.

A tech company is designing a next-gen IoT product and expects each device to have a unique IP address. Considering the potentially vast number of devices, which IP addressing scheme would be most suitable?

  • DHCP
  • IPv4
  • IPv6
  • MAC
IPv6 is the most suitable IP addressing scheme for a next-gen IoT product where each device requires a unique IP address. IPv6's enormous address space can easily accommodate the potentially vast number of IoT devices, ensuring that each device has a unique address. IPv4 has limited address space and is not practical for large-scale IoT deployments. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) and MAC (Media Access Control) addresses are not IP addressing schemes but play a different role in networking.

In the context of IP addressing, what does CIDR notation, such as /24, represent?

  • It designates the broadcast address for a given network.
  • It indicates the total number of available IP addresses in a network.
  • It signifies the number of routers in a network.
  • It specifies the subnet mask to divide an IP address into network and host portions.
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) notation, like /24, represents the subnet mask that divides an IP address into network and host portions. In this example, /24 signifies that the first 24 bits of the address are dedicated to the network, and the remaining bits are for host addressing.

How does the transport layer differentiate between a temporary network glitch and a more serious issue requiring a connection reset?

  • By analyzing the number of retransmissions and the time between acknowledgments, it can distinguish between a minor glitch and a serious issue.
  • By examining the physical layer for errors, it can determine the severity of the problem.
  • By pinging the remote host to check for network status.
  • By sending a reset signal to the application layer, it can request a connection reset.
The transport layer differentiates between a temporary network glitch and a more serious issue by monitoring the behavior of the connection. It looks at the number of retransmissions and the time between acknowledgments. If there are a few retransmissions with a brief delay, it's likely a temporary glitch. However, if there are excessive retransmissions or a long delay in acknowledgment, it may indicate a more serious issue that requires a connection reset.

Which network type spans a large geographic area, often connecting multiple cities or even countries?

  • LAN
  • MAN
  • PAN
  • WAN
WAN (Wide Area Network) is a network that covers a broad area, connecting multiple LANs that might be on opposite sides of the world. It can span cities, states, or even countries. The internet is the largest example of a WAN.

To reduce collision domains in an Ethernet network, one might use a _______ instead of a hub.

  • Router
  • Switch
  • Modem
  • Repeater
The correct option is "Switch." Using a switch instead of a hub can help reduce collision domains in an Ethernet network. A switch is an intelligent device that forwards data only to the specific port where the destination device is located, reducing unnecessary traffic and collisions.

Which basic error detection method involves adding an extra bit to data to make the number of ones either even or odd?

  • CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
  • Checksum
  • Hamming Code
  • Parity Bit
The Parity Bit is a basic error detection method that involves adding an extra bit to data to make the number of ones either even or odd. By checking this bit at the receiving end, errors can be detected in the transmitted data.