A streaming service notices that during peak times, users experience buffering due to high network traffic. Which mechanism can the service implement to ensure smoother streaming for its users during high traffic periods?
- ARP
- Fragmentation
- ICMP
- Quality of Service (QoS)
Quality of Service (QoS) is a mechanism that allows the streaming service to prioritize certain types of network traffic, ensuring that streaming data is given higher priority during peak times, leading to smoother streaming for users.
How does the HTTPS protocol ensure the confidentiality of data during transmission?
- Authentication
- Caching
- Compression
- Encryption
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) ensures data confidentiality through encryption. It uses protocols like SSL/TLS to encrypt data between the client and server, making it unreadable to anyone who intercepts it during transmission.
When a user sends an email, it's typically handled and relayed by servers using which protocol?
- DNS
- IMAP
- POP3
- SMTP
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending, relaying, and routing email messages between servers. It is responsible for the transmission of outgoing emails.
Which congestion control mechanism involves routers sending signals to the sender to notify about network congestion?
- Congestion Avoidance
- Error Control
- Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)
- Flow Control
Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) is a congestion control mechanism where routers send signals to the sender to notify about network congestion. This allows the sender to adjust its transmission rate, helping to prevent network congestion.
Sarah is developing a financial application where data integrity and order of data packets are crucial. She needs to ensure that every piece of data sent from the client reaches the server accurately and in order. Which protocol would best serve Sarah's requirements?
- FTP
- HTTP
- TCP
- UDP
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is the most suitable choice for Sarah's financial application. TCP is a reliable, connection-oriented protocol that ensures data integrity and the order of data packets. In financial applications, it's essential to have precise and ordered data transfer to maintain accuracy and consistency.
Which type of network is designed primarily for a single organization and does not typically extend beyond the organization's premises?
- Intranet
- LAN
- VPN
- WAN
An Intranet is a private network designed for a single organization and is used to share information and resources within the organization. It does not typically extend beyond the organization's premises, ensuring data privacy and security.
FTP operates on two ports: 20 for data and _______ for control commands.
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) uses port 21 for control commands. It sets up the connection, authenticates the user, and issues commands for file transfer. Port 20 is used for the actual data transfer.
A telecommunications company is designing a system to transmit digital TV signals over a long distance. They need to choose a modulation technique that can carry multiple bits of data in each symbol to maximize data rate. Which modulation technique might be suitable for this?
- ASK (Amplitude-Shift Keying)
- BPSK (Binary Phase-Shift Keying)
- FSK (Frequency-Shift Keying)
- QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)
QAM is suitable for maximizing data rate by encoding multiple bits per symbol. It combines both amplitude and phase modulation, allowing for higher data throughput.
The technique where multiple private IP addresses are mapped to a single public IP address but with different ports is known as _______.
- IP Address Translation
- Port Address Translation
- Subnetting
- VLAN
Port Address Translation (PAT) is a method used in NAT (Network Address Translation) to map multiple private IP addresses to a single public IP address, differentiating them by port numbers. PAT is used to conserve public IP addresses in scenarios with limited address space.
If an application requires a lightweight transport protocol without the overhead of establishing and tearing down connections, which protocol should be considered?
- HTTP
- ICMP
- TCP
- UDP
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a lightweight transport protocol that doesn't involve the overhead of establishing and tearing down connections like TCP. It's suitable for applications that prioritize speed and simplicity over reliability, such as real-time streaming or online gaming.