Contents
Table of Contents
Preface
	Video: Book + Video Course Overview
	The Book Uses C and Visual Studio
	Official Textbook at SoftUni
	Who Is This Book Intended for?
	Why Did We Choose C ?
	Learning Resources: Code + Videos + Exercises + Judge
	Programming Is Learned by Writing, Not Reading!
	The Software University (SoftUni)
		Video: SoftUni and SoftUni Judge
		SoftUni: High-Quality Practical Tech Education
		Free Programming Courses at SoftUni
		The SoftUni Interactive Classroom
	The Automated Judge System
	How to Become a Software Developer?
		Video: Become a Software Engineer – 4 Essential Skills
		The 4 Essential Skills of the Software Developers
			Skill 1 – Coding (20%)
			Skill 2 – Algorithmic Thinking (30%)
			Skill 3 – Computer Science and Software Engineering (25%)
			Skill 4 – Programming Languages and Technologies (25%)
		The Programming Language Doesn't Matter!
	More About the Book
		Video: Book Authors and Contributors
		The Story of This Book
			Authors Team
			Dr. Svetlin Nakov – The Leading Author
			Translators Team
			Video Lessons Team
		Official Book Web Site
		The Book in Other Languages: Java, JavaScript, Python, C++
		Udemy Course "Comprehensive Introduction to Programming in C "
		License and Distribution
		Official Facebook Page of the Book
		Discussion Forum for Your Questions
		Reporting Bugs
Chapter 1. First Steps in Programming
	Video: Chapter Overview
	Introduction to Coding by Examples
	Computer Programs – Concepts
		Video: Computer Programs, Compilers, Interpreters
		What It Means "To Program"?
		Computer Programs
		Algorithms
	Languages, Compilers, Interpreters and Environments
		Programming Languages
		Compilers
		Interpreters
		Development Environments (IDE)
	Runtime Environments, Low-Level and High-Level Languages
		Video: Runtime Environments and Programming Languages
		Runtime Environments
		Programming Languages: Low-Level and High-Level
		.NET Runtime Environment
		Compilation and Execution of C Programs
	Computer Programs – Examples
		Video: Computer Programs – Examples
		Example: A Program That Plays the Musical Note "A"
		Example: A Program That Plays Musical Notes
		Example: A Program That Converts USD to EUR
		How to Write a Console Application?
	Development Environments (IDE) and Visual Studio
		Video: Installing and Running Visual Studio
		Installing Visual Studio
		Older Versions of Visual Studio
		Online Development Environments
		Project Solutions and Projects in Visual Studio
	Example: Creating a Console Application "Hello C "
		Video: Console Application in Visual Studio
		Console App in Visual Studio: Step by Step
		Writing the Program Code
		Starting the Program
		Testing the Program in the Judge System
			How to Register in SoftUni Judge?
		Testing the Programs That Play Notes
	Typical Mistakes in C Programs
		Video: Typical Mistakes in C Programs
		Writing Outside if the Main Method
		Wrong Letter Capitalization
		Missing Semicolon
		Missing or Wrong Quotation Mark or Parenthesis
	Exercises: First Steps in Coding
		Video: Chapter Summary
		What We Learned in This Chapter?
		The Exercises
		Problem: Expression
			Video: Problem "Expression"
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Numbers from 1 to 20
			Video: Problem "Numbers from 1 to 20"
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Triangle of 55 Stars
			Video: Problem "Triangle of 55 Stars"
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Calculate Rectangle Area
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Problem "Rectangle Area"
			Hints and Guidelines
			Test Your Solution
			Testing in the Judge System
		* Problem: A Square Made of Stars
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Problem "Square of Stars"
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
	Lab: Graphical and Web Applications
		Console, Graphical and Web Applications
		Exercises: GUI and Web Applications
		Lab: Graphical Application "Summator" (Calculator)
			Creating a New C Project
			Adding Text Fields and a Button
			Resizing the Controls and Starting the Application
			Writing the Program Code
			Testing the Application
			Fixing the Bug and Retesting the Application
		Lab: Web Application "Summator" (Calculator)
			Creating a New ASP.NET MVC Project
			Creating a View (Web Form)
			Writing the Program Code
			Testing the Web Application
Chapter 2.1. Simple Calculations
	Video: Chapter Overview
	Introduction to Simple Calculations by Examples
	The System Console
		Video: The System Console
		The System Console Explained
	Reading Integers from the Console
		Video: Reading Data from the Console
		Video: Reading Integers from the Console
	Example: Calculating a Square Area
		Video: Calculating a Square Area
		Code: Calculating a Square Area
		Testing in the Judge System
		How Does the Example Work?
	Data Types and Variables
		Video: Data Types and Variables
		Examples: Data Types and Variables
	Declaring and Using Variables
		Video: Declaring and using Variables
		Examples: Declaring and using Variables
	Reading Floating Point Numbers from the Console
		Video: Reading Floating-Point Numbers
		Example: Converting Inches into Centimeters
			Testing in the Judge System
	Reading a Text from the Console
		Video: Reading Text from the Console
		Example: Greeting by Name
			Testing in the Judge System
	Printing and Formatting Text and Numbers
		Video: Printing Text and Numbers
		Example: Printing Text and Numbers
			Testing in the Judge System
		Using the Dollar String Interpolation
	Arithmetic Operations
		Video: Arithmetic Operators
		Summing up Numbers: Operator +
		Subtracting Numbers: Operator -
		Multiplying Numbers: Operator *
		Dividing Numbers: Operator /
			Dividing Integers
			Dividing Floating-Point Numbers
	Concatenating Text and Numbers
		Video: Concatenating Text and Numbers
		Examples: Concatenating Text and Numbers
	Numerical Expressions
		Video: Numerical Expressions
		Example: Calculating Trapezoid Area
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: Circle Area and Perimeter
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: 2D Rectangle Area
			Testing in the Judge System
		Other Expressions
	Exercises: Simple Calculations
		Video: Chapter Summary
		What We Learned in This Chapter?
		The Exercises
		Empty (Blank) Visual Studio Solution
		Problem: Calculating Square Area
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Inches to Centimeters
			Hints and Guidelines
			Writing Program Code and Starting the Program
			Setting Up a Startup Project
			Switching Between Programs
			Testing a Program Locally
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Greeting by Name
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Concatenating Text and Numbers
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Trapezoid Area
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Circle Area and Perimeter
			Input and Output
			Video: Circle Perimeter and Area
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Rectangle Area
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Rectangle Area
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Triangle Area
			Sample Input and Output
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Converter – from C Degrees to F Degrees
			Sample Input and Output
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Converter – from Radians to Degrees
			Sample Input and Output
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Converter – USD to BGN
			Sample Input and Output
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: * Currency Converter
			Sample Input and Output
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: ** Date Calculations – 1000 Days on the Earth
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
	Lab: GUI Applications with Numerical Expressions
		Graphical Application: Converter from BGN to EUR
			Video: GUI Converter from BGN to EUR
			Creating a New C Project
			Adding UI Controls
			Events and Event Handlers
			Writing the Program Code
			Testing the Application
		Graphical Application: * Catch the Button!
			Hints and Guidelines
	Useful Web Sites for C Developers
Chapter 2.2. Simple Calculations – Exam Problems
	Simple Calculations – Quick Review
		Reading Numbers from the Console
			Reading an Integer
			Reading a Floating-Point Number
		Printing Text Using Placeholders
		Arithmetic Operators
			Operator +
			Operator -
			Operator *
			Operator /
		String Concatenation
	Exam Problems
		Problem: Training Lab
			Input Data
			Output Data
			Sample Input and Output
			Clarification of the Examples
			Hints and Guidelines
				Idea for Solution
				Choosing Data Types
				Solution – Variant I
				Solution – Variant II
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Vegetable Market
			Input Data
			Output Data
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
				Idea for Solution
				Choosing Data Types
				Solution
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Change Tiles
			Input Data
			Output Data
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
				Idea for Solution
				Choosing Data Types
				Reading the Input Data
				Performing the Calculations
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Money
			Input Data
			Output Data
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
				Idea for Solution
				Choosing Data Types
				Solution
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Daily Earnings
			Input Data
			Output Data
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
				Idea for Solution
				Choosing Data Types
				Reading the Input Data
				Doing the Calculations
				Printing the Result
			Testing in the Judge System
Chapter 3.1. Simple Conditions
	Video: Chapter Overview
	Introduction to Simple Conditions by Examples
	Comparing Numbers
		Video: Comparing Numbers
		Examples for Comparing Numbers
		Comparison Operators
	Simple If Conditions
		Video: Simple If / If-Else Conditions
		Example: Excellent Grade
			Testing in the Judge System
		If-Else Conditions
		Example: Excellent Grade or Not
			Testing in Judge System
		About the Curly Braces {} After If / Else
	If-Else Conditions – Examples
		Video: Examples of If-Else
		Example: Even or Odd Number
			Hint and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: The Larger Number
			Hint and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
	Variable Scope
		Video: Variable Scope
		Variable Scope – Example
	Sequence of If-Else Conditions
		Video: Series of If-Else Checks
		Example: Digits in English
			Testing in the Judge System
	Debugging: Simple Operations with Debugger
		Video: Debugging Code in Visual Studio
		What is "Debugging"?
		Debugging in Visual Studio
	Exercises: Simple Conditions
		Video: Chapter Summary
		What We Learned in This Chapter?
		Empty Visual Studio Solution (Blank Solution)
		Problem: Excellent Grade
			Sample Input and Output
			Creating a New C Project
			Writing the Program Code
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Excellent Grade or Not
			Sample Input and Output
			Creating a New C Project and Writing the Code
			Automatic Switching to the Current Project
			Local Execution and Testing
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Even or Odd
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Finding the Greater Number
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Typing a Digit in Words
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Bonus Score
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Bonus Score
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Guess the Password
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Summing Up Seconds
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Summing Up Seconds
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Metric Converter
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Metric Converter
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Numbers from 100 to 200
			Sample Input and Output
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Identical Words
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Speed Assessment
			Sample Input and Output
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Areas of Figures
			Sample Input and Output
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Time + 15 Minutes
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Equal 3 Numbers
			Sample Input and Output
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: * Numbers from 0 to 100 as English Words
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
	Lab: GUI (Desktop) Application – Currency Converter
		Video: Building a GUI App "Currency Converter"
		Creating a New C Project and Adding Controls
		Configuring the UI Controls
		Events and Event Handlers
		Writing the Program Code
Chapter 3.2. Simple Conditions – Exam Problems
	Simple Conditions – Quick Review
	Problem: Transportation Price
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Processing the Input Data
			Calculating Taxi Rate
			Calculating Transportation Price
			Printing the Output Data
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Pipes in Pool
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Processing the Input Data
			Checking the Conditions and Processing Output Data
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Sleepy Tom Cat
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Reading the Input Data
			Calculating Working Days
			Calculating Playing Time
			Checking the Conditions
			Processing the Output Data
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Harvest
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Processing the Input Data
			Performing the Calculations
			Checking the Conditions and Printing the Output
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Firm
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Reading the Input Data
			Auxiliary Calculations
			Checking the Conditions and Printing Output Data
		Testing in the Judge System
Chapter 4.1. More Complex Conditions
	Video: Chapter Overview
	Introduction to Complex Conditions by Examples
	Nested If-Else Conditions
		The Nested If-Else Construction
		Video: Nested Conditional Statements
		Deep Nesting
		Nested If-Else Conditions – Examples
		Example: Personal Titles
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Personal Titles
			Solution
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: Small Shop
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Small Shop
			Solution
			Testing in the Judge System
	More Complex Conditions
		Logical "AND", "OR" and "NOT"
		The Parenthesis () Operator
	Logical "AND"
		Video: Logical "AND"
		How the && Operator Works?
		Example: Point in a Rectangle
			Sample Input and Output
			Solution
			Testing in the Judge System
	Logical "OR"
		Video: Logical "OR"
		How the || Operator Works?
		Example: Fruit or Vegetable
			Sample Input and Output
			Solution
			Testing in the Judge System
	Logical Negation (NOT)
		Video: Logical "NOT"
		Example: Invalid Number
			Sample Input and Output
			Solution
			Testing in the Judge System
	More Complex Conditions – Examples
		Example: Point on a Rectangle Border
			Sample Input and Output
			Solution
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: Fruit Shop
			Video: Fruit Store
			Sample Input and Output
			Solution
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: Trade Fees
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Trade Fees
			Solution
			Testing in the Judge System
	Switch-Case Conditional Statement
		Video: Switch-Case
		Example: Day of the Week
			Sample Input and Output
			Solution
			Testing in the Judge System
		Multiple Labels in Switch-Cases
		Example: Animal Type
			Sample Input and Output
			Solution
			Testing in the Judge System
	Exercises: More Complex Conditions
		Video: Chapter Summary
		What We Learned in This Chapter?
			Nested Conditions
			Complex Conditions with &&, ||, ! and ()
			Switch-Case Statements
		Problem: Cinema
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Volleyball
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: * Point in the Figure
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Implementation of the Proposed Idea
			Testing in the Judge System
	Lab: * GUI (Desktop) Application: Point and Rectangle
		Creating a New C Project and Adding Controls
		Configuring the UI Controls
		Handling Events
		Printing Point Position Compared to the Rectangle
		Visualization of the Rectangle and the Point
		Compiling and Testing the Application
Chapter 4.2. More Complex Conditions – Exam Problems
	More Complex Conditions – Quick Review
		Nested Conditions
		Switch-Case Conditions
	Problem: On Time for the Exam
		Sample Input and Output
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Hints and Guidelines
			Processing the Input Data
			Calculating Exam Start Time and Student Arrival Time
			Checking If the Student Arrived on Time or Late
			Calculating Time Difference
			Printing the Result
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Trip
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Processing the Input Data
			Calculations
			Printing the Result
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Operations with Numbers
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Processing the Input Data
			Condition for 0
			Condition for Division and Modular Division
			Condition for Sum, Subtract and Multiply
			Using Ternary Operator
			Printing the Output
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Game Tickets
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Processing the Input Data
			Calculating Transportation Costs
			Calculating Ticket Costs
			Calculating Total Costs
			Printing the Result
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Hotel Room
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Processing the Input Data
			Creating Helper Variables
			Calculating Prices for May and October
			Calculating Prices for June, September, July and August
			Formatting the Output Data
			Printing the Result
		Testing in the Judge System
Chapter 5.1. Loops (Repetitions)
	Video: Chapter Overview
	Introduction to Simple Loops by Examples
	For Loops (Repeating Code Blocks)
		Video: Simple For-Loops
		Syntax: For-Loop
	Example: Numbers from 1 to 100
		Video: Numbers 1...100
		Hints and Guidelines
		Testing in the Judge System
	Example: Numbers up to 1000, Ending by 7
		Video: Numbers 1...1000 Ending by 7
		Hints and Guidelines
		Testing in the Judge System
	Example: All Latin Letters
		Video: Latin Letters
		Hints and Guidelines
		Testing in the Judge System
	Code Snippet for the for Loop in Visual Studio
	Exercises: Loops (Repetitions)
		Video: Chapter Summary
		What We Learned in This Chapter?
		Blank Solution in Visual Studio
		Problem: Summing up Numbers
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Summing Numbers
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Max Number
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Largest Number
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Min Number
			Video: Smallest Number
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Left and Right Sum
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Left and Right Sum
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Even / Odd Sum
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Even / Odd Sum
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Sum of Vowels
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Sum of Vowels
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Element Equal to the Sum of the Rest
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Even / Odd Positions
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Equal Pairs
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
	Lab: Turtle Graphics GUI Application
		Video: Turtle Graphics
		What Shall We Build?
		Turtle Graphics – Concepts
		Creating a New C Project
		Installing Turtle Graphics NuGet Package
		Adding the Buttons
		Implementing the [Draw] Button
		Testing the Application
		Adding Complexity to the Turtle Drawing Code
		Implementing the [Reset] Button
		Implementing the [Show / Hide Turtle] Buttons
	Exercises: Turtle Graphics
		Problem: * Draw a Hexagon with the Turtle
		Problem: * Draw a Star with the Turtle
		Problem: * Draw a Spiral with the Turtle
		Problem: * Draw a Sun with the Turtle
		Problem: * Draw a Spiral Triangle with the Turtle
Chapter 5.2. Loops – Exam Problems
	For Loops – Quick Review
	Problem: Histogram
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Reading the Input Data
			Distributing Numbers in Groups
			Calculating Percentages
			Printing the Output
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Smart Lilly
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Reading the Input Data
			Creating Helper Variables
			Calculating Savings
			Formatting and Printing the Output
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Back to the Past
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Reading the Input Data
			Iterating through the Years
			Checking for Enough Heritage and Printing the Output
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Hospital
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Reading the Input Data
			Calculating the Treated and Untreated Patients
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Division without Remainder
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Logistics
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
		Testing in the Judge System
Chapter 6.1. Nested Loops
	Video: Chapter Overview
	Introduction to Nested Loops by Examples
	Nested Loops – Concepts
		Video: Nested Loops
		Nested Loops – Examples
		Example: Rectangle Made of 10 x 10 Stars
			Video: Rectangle of 10 x 10 Stars
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: Rectangle Made of N x N Stars
			Video: Rectangle of N x N Stars
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Examples: Square Made of Stars
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: Triangle Made of Dollars
			Video: Triangle of Dollars
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: Square Frame
			Video: Square Frame
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
	Exercises: Drawing Figures
		Video: Chapter Summary
		What We Learned in This Chapter?
		Problem: Rhombus Made of Stars
			Video: Rhombus of Stars
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Christmas Tree
			Video: Christmas Tree
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Sunglasses
			Video: Sunglasses
			Hints and Guidelines
				Printing the Top and Bottom Rows
				Printing the Middle Rows
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: House
			Video: Draw a House
			Hints and Guidelines
				The Roof
				The Base
				Reading the Input Data
				Calculating Roof Length
				Printing the Roof
				Printing the Base
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Diamond
			Video: Draw a Diamond
			Hints and Guidelines
				Upper Part
				Lower Part
				Upper and Lower Parts of the Diamond
				Reading the Input Data
				Printing the Top Part of the Diamond
				Printing the Bottom Part of the Diamond
			Testing in the Judge System
	Lab: Drawing Ratings in Web
		Video: Building a Web App "Draw Ratings"
		Ratings – Visualization in a Web Environment
		Creating a New C Project
		Creating a View Holding a HTML Form
		Adding the DrawRatings(int) Method
		Adding Star Images
		Starting and Testing the Project
Chapter 6.2. Nested Loops – Exam Problems
	Nested Loops – Quick Review
	Problem: Drawing a Fort
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Reading the Input Data
			Calculating and Printing the Roof
			Printing the Body of the Fort
			Printing the Base of the Fort
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Butterfly
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Divide the Figure into Parts
			Printing the Body and the Lower Wing
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: "Stop" Sign
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Divide the Figure into Parts
			Printing the Upper Part of the Sign
			Printing the Middle Row and the Lower Part
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Arrow
		Sample Input and Output
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Hints and Guidelines
			Divide the Figure into Parts
			Printing the Body and the Middle Row
			Printing the Lower Part of the Arrow
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Axe
		Sample Input and Output
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Hints and Guidelines
			Divide the Figure into Parts
			Printing the Handle
			Printing the Lower Part of the Axe
		Testing in the Judge System
Chapter 7.1. More Complex Loops
	Video: Chapter Overview
	Introduction to More Complex Loops by Examples
	For Loop with Step
		Video: Loop with a Step
		Loop with a Step – Explanation
		Example: Numbers 1...N with Step 3
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: Numbers N...1 in Reverse Order
			Video: Numbers N...1
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: Numbers from 1 to 2^n with a For Loop
			Video: Numbers 1 ... 2^n
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: Even Powers of 2
			Video: Even Powers of 2
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
	While Loop
		Video: While Loop
		While Loop – Explanation
		Example: Sequence of Numbers 2k+1
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: Number in Range [1…100]
			Video: Numbers in the Range [1…100]
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
	Greatest Common Divisor (GCD)
		Video: Greatest Common Divisor (GCD)
		The Euclidean Algorithm
		Example: Greatest Common Divisor (GCD)
			Testing in the Judge System
	Do-While Loop
		Video: Do-While Loop
		Example: Calculating Factorial
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: Summing Up Digits
			Video: Sum of Digits
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
	Infinite Loops with Break
		Video: Infinite Loops with Break
		Infinite Loop – Explanation
		The Operator "Break"
		Example: Prime Number Checking
			Video: Prime Number Checking
			Hints and Guidelines
			Prime Checking Algorithm
			Implementation of the Prime Checking Algorithm
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: Enter an Even Number
			Hints and Guidelines
			Implementation
			Testing in the Judge System
	Nested Loops and Break
		Wrong Implementation
		Correct Implementation
		Testing in the Judge System
	Handling Errors: Try-Catch
		Video: Using Try-Catch
		What is Try-Catch?
		The Try-Catch Construction
		Example: Dealing with Invalid Numbers with Try-Catch
			Enter Even Number – Implementation
			Testing in the Judge System
	Exercises: More Complex Loops
		Video: Chapter Summary
		What We Learned in This Chapter?
		Problem: Fibonacci Numbers
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Fibonacci Numbers
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Numbers Pyramid
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Pyramid of Numbers
			Hints and Guidelines
				Implementation of the Idea
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Numbers Table
			Sample Input and Output
			Video: Table with Numbers
			Hints and Guidelines
				Implementation of the Idea
			Testing in the Judge System
	Lab: Web Application with Complex Loops
		Problem: Web Application "Fruits Game"
		Video: Fruits Game – ASP.NET MVC Web App
		Fruits Game Explained
		Create New C Project
		Create Controls
		Prepare Fruits for the View
		Generate Random Fruits
		Add Game Images
		Visualize Fruits
		Change Text in Layout
		Test the Application
		Shooting the Fruits
		Implement the "Fire" Method
		Test the Application Again
		Implement "Game Over"
		Final Testing of the Application
Chapter 7.2. More Complex Loops – Exam Problems
	More Complex Loops – Quick Review
	Problem: Dumb Passwords Generator
		Sample Input and Output
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Hints and Guidelines
			Reading the Input Data
			Processing the Input Data and Printing Output
		Testing in the Judge System
		Did you Know That…?
	Problem: Magic Numbers
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Solution using a "For" Loop
		Solution using a "While" Loop
			Writing a While Loop
			Infinite While Loop
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Stop Number
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Special Numbers
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Digits
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
		Testing in the Judge System
Chapter 8.1. Practical Exam Preparation – Part I
	Video: Chapter Overview
	The "Programming Basics" Practical Exam
		Video: The Practical Exam Explained
		The Online Evaluation System (Judge)
	Simple Calculations – Problems
		Problem: Triangle Area
			Video: Triangle Area
			Problem Description
			Input
			Output
			Sample Input and Output
			Reading the Input Data
			Calculate Triangle Side and Height
			Calculate and Print Triangle Area
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Moving Bricks
			Video: Moving Bricks
			Problem Description
			Input
			Output
			Sample Input and Output
			Reading the Input Data
			Calculating Bricks per Course
			Calculating and Printing the Needed Courses
			Testing in the Judge System
	Simple Conditions – Problems
		Problem: Point on a Segment
			Video: Point on a Segment
			Problem Description
			Input
			Output
			Sample Input and Output
			Reading the Input Data
			Calculate the Minimum Distance to the Closest End
			Determining if Point is in or Out the Segment
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Point in a Figure
			Video: Point in a Figure
			Problem Description
			Input
			Output
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Determining the Point Location
			Testing in the Judge System
	Complex Conditions – Problems
		Problem: Date After 5 Days
			Video: Date After 5 Days
			Problem Description
			Input
			Output
			Sample Input and Output
			Reading and Processing the Input Data
			Adding 5 Days
			Printing the Result
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Sums of 3 Numbers
			Video: Sum of 3 Numbers
			Problem Description
			Input
			Output
			Sample Input and Output
			Reading the Input Data
			Composing a Template for the Solution
			Writing Code in the Template
			Testing in the Judge System
	Simple Loops – Problems
		Problem: Sums with Step of 3
			Video: Sums with Step of 3
			Problem Description
			Input
			Output
			Sample Input and Output
			Reading the Input Data
			Allocating Numbers and Printing Results
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Sequence of Increasing Elements
			Video: Sequence of Increasing Elements
			Problem Description
			Input
			Output
			Sample Input and Output
			Reading the Input Data and Creating Working Variables
			Determining Increasing Sequence
			Finding and Printing the Longest Sequence
			Testing in the Judge System
	Drawing Figures – Problems
		Problem: Perfect Diamond
			Video: Perfect Diamond
			Problem Description
			Input
			Output
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Reading the Input Data
			Printing the Top Part of the Diamond
			Printing the Bottom Part of the Diamond
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Rectangle with Stars in the Center
			Video: Rectangle with Stars in the Center
			Problem Description
			Input
			Output
			Sample Input and Output
			Reading the Input Data
			Printing the First and the Last Rows
			Printing the Middle Rows
			Adding Stars in the Center of the Rectangle
			Testing in the Judge System
	Nested Loops – Problems
		Problem: Increasing 4 Numbers
			Video: Increasing 4 Numbers
			Problem Description
			Sample Input and Output
			Input
			Output
			Reading the Input Data
			Implementation with 2 Numbers
			Implementation with 4 Numbers
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Generating Rectangles
			Video: Generating Rectangles
			Problem Description
			Sample Input and Output
			Input
			Output
			Reading the Input Data
			Sample Idea for the Solution
			Calculating the Rectangle Area and Printing the Output
			Testing in the Judge System
	Practical Exam Preparation – Summary
		Video: Chapter Summary
Chapter 8.2. Practical Exam Preparation – Part II
	Types of Exam Problems
	Problem: Distance
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Reading the Input Data
			Selecting Data Type for Calculations
			Converting the Input Data
			Helper Variable
			Calculating Travel Distance
			Calculating and Printing the Output
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Changing Tiles
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Flowers Shop
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Separating the Constant Values in Variables
			Reading the Input Data
			Preparing the Program Logic
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Grades
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Reading the Input Data and Creating Helper Variables
			Allocating Students into Groups
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Christmas Hat
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Sample Input and Output
			Problem Analysis
			Drawing the Dynamic Part of the Figure
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Letters Combination
		Sample Input and Output
		Input Data
		Output Data
			Reading the Input Data
			Printing All Characters from Start to End
			Printing Combination of 3 Characters
		Testing in the Judge System
Chapter 9.1. Problems for Champions – Part I
	More Complex Problems on the Studied Material
	Problem: Crossing Sequences
		Example
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Constraints
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Processing the Input
			Generating Tribonacci Sequence
			Generating Numerical Spiral
			Finding Common Number for the Sequences
			Alternative Solution
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Magic Dates
		Sample Input and Output
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Constraints
		Hints and Guidelines
			Loop through Dates
			Calculating Date Weight
			Printing the Output
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Five Special Letters
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Constraints
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Reading the Input Data
			Generating All Combinations
			Transforming Combinations into Words
			Removing Repetitive Letters
			Calculating Weight
			Preparing the Output
			Final Touches
		Testing in the Judge System
Chapter 9.2. Problems for Champions – Part II
	More Complex Problems on the Studied Material
	Problem: Passion Shopping Days
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Constraints
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Processing the Input Data
			Algorithm for Solving the Problem
			Processing Command Symbols
			Formatting the Output
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Numerical Expression
		Example
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Constraints
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Reading the Input Data
			Creating Helper Variables
			Defining the Program Structure
			Implementing the Proposed Idea
			Calculating the Sub-Expression Value
			Formatting the Output
		Testing in the Judge System
	Problem: Bulls and Cows
		Input Data
		Output Data
		Constraints
		Sample Input and Output
		Hints and Guidelines
			Reading the Input Data
			Declaring a Flag
			Generating Four-Digit Numbers
			Creating Additional Variables
			Counting the Bulls
			Counting the Cows
			Printing the Output
		Testing in the Judge System
Chapter 10. Methods
	Introduction by Examples
	What Is a "Method"?
		Simple Methods
		Why Use Methods?
		Declaring Methods
		Calling Methods
		Example: Blank Receipt
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
	Methods with Parameters
		Using Parameters in Methods
		Example: Sign of an Integer
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Optional Parameters
		Example: Printing a Triangle
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: Draw a Filled Square
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
	Returning a Result from a Method
		Types of Returned Values
		The "Return" Operator
			The "Return" Operator – Example
			The Code After "Return" is Inaccessible
		Using the Returned Value
		Example: Calculating Triangle Area
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Example: Math Power
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
	Methods Returning Multiple Values
		Declaring a ValueTuple
		Method Returning Multiple Values
	Method Overloading
		Method Signature
		Overloading Methods in C Programs
		Signature and Return Value Type
		Example: Greater of Two Values
			Sample Input and Output
			Creating the Methods
			Reading the Input Data and Using the Methods
			Testing in the Judge System
	Nested Methods (Local Functions)
		What Is a Local Function?
		Why Use Local Functions?
		Declaring Local Functions
	Naming Methods
		Naming Method Parameters
	Good Practices When Working with Methods
		Code Structure and Formatting
	Exercises: Methods
		What We Learned in This Chapter?
			Defining a Method
			Invoking a Method
		Problem: "Hello, Name!"
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Min Method - Return the Smaller Number
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: String Repeater
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Nth Digit
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Integer to Base
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Notifications
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: Numbers to Words
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
		Problem: String Encryption
			Sample Input and Output
			Hints and Guidelines
			Testing in the Judge System
Chapter 11. Tricks and Hacks
	Code Formatting
		The Official C Code Conventions
		Code Formatting Shortcuts in Visual Studio
	Naming Code Elements
		Naming Projects and Files
		Naming Variables
		Naming – Examples
	Shortcuts in Visual Studio
	Code Snippets in Visual Studio
		Exploring the Existing Code Snippets for C
		Changing an Existing Snippet
		Saving and Testing the Code Snippet
	Code Debugging Techniques
		Debugging in Visual Studio
		Starting the Program in Debug Mode
	Tricks for C Developers
		Inserting Variable Values in Strings
		Formatting with 2 Digits After the Decimal Point
		Rounding Numbers
		Other Rounding Methods
		Rounding with a Placeholder
		How to Write a Conditional Statement?
		How to Write a 'For' Loop?
	What We Learned in This Chapter?
Conclusion
	Developer Skills
	This Book is Only the First Step!
	How to Proceed After This Book?
	Study Software Engineering in SoftUni
		Training Duration in SoftUni
		Becoming a Programmer Takes at Least a Year!
		The Entrance Exam in SoftUni
		The SoftUni Curriculum for Software Engineers
		How Many Hours per Day Does the Training Take?
		SoftUni for People Who Work and Study
	Study Software Engineering in Your Own Way
	Recommended Resources for Developers
		Online Communities for Beginners in Programming
		Good Luck to All!