SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) uses tokens to implement Single Sign-On (SSO), allowing users to access multiple applications with a single authentication.

Testing microservices often involves challenges in coordinating and ensuring effective communication between the various services.

Scalability refers to the ability of a web service to handle increasing loads without compromising performance.

SOAP 1.2 introduces the Fault element, which is used to carry error information. Unlike SOAP 1.1, where error details were part of the body, SOAP 1.2 separates error information into the Fault element, providing a standardized way to convey fault-related information in a consistent and extensible manner.

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is essential for achieving interoperability in web services. It provides a standardized way for communication, allowing applications to exchange structured information over a network, promoting compatibility among systems with different technologies.

The strategy to deal with failure in one service in Microservices Architecture is known as the Circuit Breaker pattern, which helps prevent cascading failures.

Monitoring tools are essential for real-time performance and request tracking in web services.

Postman is commonly used for debugging RESTful services, allowing developers to send requests and inspect responses.

Businesses should assess the performance and ROI of their SOA implementation by monitoring service usage and response times. This involves analyzing key performance metrics to ensure that the implemented services meet expectations and deliver the desired return on investment.

ISO/IEC 27001 is the international standard commonly referenced for information security management.