When performing integration testing in Spring Boot, which of the following is used to load only specific slices of the application?

@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@DataJpaTest
@SpringBootTest
@WebMvcTest

The @WebMvcTest annotation is used to load only specific slices of the application, typically focused on testing web controllers and related components in a Spring Boot application.

Discuss it

In Spring Boot, how can you customize the default error attributes in the default error response?

By creating a custom error controller and overriding the default error handling logic.
By modifying the error properties in the application's application.properties or application.yml file.
By using the @ErrorAttributes annotation on controller methods.
By disabling the default error response and implementing a custom error handling mechanism.

To customize the default error attributes in the default error response in Spring Boot, you can modify the error properties in the application's application.properties or application.yml file. This allows you to tailor the error responses according to your application's requirements. The other options either involve creating unnecessary complexity or are not standard practices for customizing error attributes.

Discuss it

What is the primary purpose of the @Cacheable annotation in Spring Boot?

To define cache entry eviction policies.
To specify cache names for grouping.
To indicate that a method's results should be cached.
To clear the cache completely.

The primary purpose of the @Cacheable annotation in Spring Boot is to indicate that a method's results should be cached. You annotate a method with @Cacheable, and Spring Boot caches the results of that method, allowing for faster access in subsequent calls. The other options are not the primary purpose of @Cacheable.

Discuss it

In Spring Boot, the _____ can be optimized to efficiently manage database connections and improve application performance.

DataSource
Hibernate
JPA
Servlet

In Spring Boot, the DataSource can be optimized to efficiently manage database connections and improve application performance. The DataSource is a critical component for database connection management, and Spring Boot provides various configuration options to fine-tune its behavior, such as connection pooling settings. Efficient connection management is crucial for application performance, as it reduces the overhead of creating and closing connections for each database operation, thus enhancing overall efficiency.

Discuss it

In Spring Security, the method loadUserByUsername is defined in the _____ interface.

UserDetailsService
AuthenticationProvider
UserDetails
Authentication

In Spring Security, the method loadUserByUsername is defined in the UserDetailsService interface. This method is responsible for loading user details (including credentials) based on the username provided during authentication. The other options, such as AuthenticationProvider, UserDetails, and Authentication, are not interfaces that define this specific method.

Discuss it

In Spring Cloud, _____ allows services to find each other and aids in building scalable and robust cloud-native applications.

Eureka
Hystrix
Ribbon
Zuul

Eureka is the service discovery component in Spring Cloud. It helps services discover and connect to each other, facilitating the development of scalable and robust cloud-native applications.

Discuss it

In what scenario would you use the @Modifying annotation in a Spring Data JPA repository method?

When creating a new JPA entity object.
When defining a custom query for a read operation.
When performing a write operation that modifies the database (e.g., INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE).
When retrieving data from multiple tables using a JOIN operation.

The @Modifying annotation in a Spring Data JPA repository method is used when performing a write operation that modifies the database, such as INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE. It indicates to Spring that the method is going to modify the data, so it should be included in a transaction. The other options are not scenarios where @Modifying is typically used.

Discuss it

For securing REST APIs in Spring Security, the use of _______ is recommended to represent the user's authorization information.

Basic Authentication
JSON Web Tokens (JWT)
OAuth2 Tokens
Session Cookies

To secure REST APIs in Spring Security, it's recommended to use JSON Web Tokens (JWT) to represent the user's authorization information. JWTs are a popular choice for token-based authentication and authorization in stateless API environments.

Discuss it

How can you secure a method to be accessed only by users with a specific role using Spring Security annotations?

@RolesAllowed("ROLE_ADMIN")
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ROLE_USER')")
@Secured("ROLE_USER")
@Authorize("hasAuthority('ROLE_ADMIN')")

You can use the @PreAuthorize annotation with the hasRole expression to specify that a method can only be accessed by users with a specific role. The other options are not the correct format for specifying roles in Spring Security annotations.

Discuss it

You are working on optimizing a Spring Boot application that has heavy read operations. How would you design the caching mechanism to ensure data consistency while minimizing the load on the underlying data store?

Apply a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache eviction policy.
Implement a time-based cache eviction strategy.
Use a cache aside pattern with a distributed cache system.
Utilize a write-through caching approach.

In scenarios with heavy read operations and the need for data consistency, the cache-aside pattern with a distributed cache system is a suitable choice. It allows you to read data from cache when available, update it when necessary, and minimize load on the data store. Time-based cache eviction, write-through caching, and LRU policies may be applicable in different contexts but do not directly address the data consistency concern.

Discuss it