Reactive Streams in Spring Boot offer _____ to handle the flow of data between the producer and consumer.
- A blocking approach
- A sequential approach
- A synchronous approach
- An asynchronous approach
Reactive Streams in Spring Boot offer an "asynchronous approach" to handle the flow of data between the producer and consumer. Reactive Streams are designed for asynchronous, non-blocking processing of data and provide a standardized way to deal with data streams, making it easier to handle data in a reactive and efficient manner.
When testing with @WebMvcTest, what considerations should be made regarding the security configurations of the application?
- Security configurations are automatically disabled in @WebMvcTest.
- Security settings from the main application apply to @WebMvcTest.
- You must explicitly configure security settings in the @WebMvcTest annotation.
- Security settings can be configured in a separate test.properties file.
When using @WebMvcTest, the security configurations from the main application apply by default. You should be aware that the security settings of the application being tested will be active, and you may need to adjust your tests accordingly. Options 1, 3, and 4 do not accurately describe how security configurations work in @WebMvcTest.
In Spring Security, to apply method security, one needs to enable it using the _____ annotation on a configuration class.
- @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity
- @EnableMethodProtection
- @MethodSecurity
- @SecuredMethod
To enable method-level security in Spring Security, you need to use the @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity annotation on a configuration class. It's used to activate annotations like @Secured, @PreAuthorize, etc., for method-level security.
To define a global default exception handler for unhandled exceptions in Spring Boot, you can use a _____ with the highest precedence.
- @ControllerAdvice
- @ExceptionHandler
- @ExceptionHandlerAdvice
- @ResponseStatus
In Spring Boot, to define a global default exception handler for unhandled exceptions, you use the @ControllerAdvice annotation. This annotation allows you to define a class that can be applied globally to handle exceptions across all controllers. It provides a way to centralize exception handling in your application.
How can you change the default port number of the embedded web server in a Spring Boot application?
- By adding a @ServerPort annotation on the main application class.
- By configuring it in the embedded web server's constructor.
- By creating a custom embedded web server configuration class and setting the port there.
- By modifying the server.port property in the application.properties file.
You can change the default port number of the embedded web server in a Spring Boot application by modifying the server.port property in the application.properties file. This property allows you to specify the desired port number. Spring Boot automatically configures the embedded web server (e.g., Tomcat) based on this property, making it a straightforward way to control the server's port.
In a complex Spring Boot application with numerous controllers and a global exception handler, a new requirement mandates the implementation of controller-specific exception handlers. How would you approach this requirement to provide custom error responses from individual controllers while maintaining the functionality of the global exception handler?
- Implement individual @ExceptionHandler methods in each controller for controller-specific exception handling.
- Remove the global exception handler to avoid conflicts with controller-specific handlers.
- Use a single global @ExceptionHandler for all controllers to ensure consistent error handling.
- Implement a custom servlet filter to handle exceptions at the controller level.
To address the requirement of providing custom error responses from individual controllers while maintaining the functionality of the global exception handler in a complex Spring Boot application, you can implement individual @ExceptionHandler methods in each controller. This approach allows for controller-specific exception handling while still benefiting from the global exception handler for unhandled cases. The other options may not meet the requirement effectively.
Which annotation is used in Spring Boot to update the cache whenever the underlying data changes?
- @CacheUpdate
- @CacheEvict
- @CacheInvalidate
- @CacheRefresh
In Spring Boot, the @CacheRefresh annotation is used to update the cache whenever the underlying data changes. It's used to refresh the cache entries for a specific method or cache name. The other options are related to cache eviction, clearing, or invalidation but not specifically refreshing the cache upon data changes.
The Spring Cloud component _____ provides a simple, scalable, and flexible way to route API requests to microservices.
- Eureka
- Hystrix
- Ribbon
- Zuul
The Spring Cloud component Zuul provides a simple, scalable, and flexible way to route API requests to microservices. Zuul is an API Gateway that can be used for routing and filtering requests to microservices.
How can you reduce the memory footprint of a Spring Boot application?
- Increasing the number of microservices.
- Minimizing the use of Spring Boot starters.
- Optimizing database queries.
- Using a smaller JVM heap size.
To reduce the memory footprint of a Spring Boot application, you should minimize the use of Spring Boot starters. While starters are convenient, they often include many dependencies that may not be required for your specific application. By selectively including only the dependencies you need, you can reduce the memory overhead and improve the startup time of your application. This approach is especially valuable in microservices architectures where memory efficiency is critical.
How can you ensure that a Spring Boot application does not interact with external systems during integration testing?
- Mock external system responses
- Disable external system communication
- Use a test-specific profile
- Use @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.NONE)
To ensure that a Spring Boot application does not interact with external systems during integration testing, you can use the @SpringBootTest annotation with the webEnvironment set to SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.NONE. This avoids starting a real HTTP server, preventing external communication. The other options do not directly address this issue.