When using @Secured annotation, what is the format to specify the required authority?

  • @Secured("ADMIN")
  • @Secured("ROLE_ADMIN")
  • @Secured("authority.ADMIN")
  • @Secured("hasAuthority('ADMIN')")
The correct format to specify the required authority using the @Secured annotation is @Secured("ROLE_ADMIN"). The "ROLE_" prefix is typically used to specify roles. The other options are not the correct format.

You are tasked with developing a Spring Boot application using Spring Data JPA, where ensuring the consistency of the data is crucial. How would you manage the transactions in the application to ensure the integrity and consistency of the data?

  • Disable transactions altogether to improve application performance, relying on the database's ACID properties to maintain data consistency.
  • Implement programmatic transaction management by manually starting and committing transactions in each service method.
  • Use declarative transaction management with the @Transactional annotation and ensure that each service method operates within a transaction boundary.
  • Use distributed transactions with multiple databases to enhance data consistency across different data sources.
To ensure data consistency in a Spring Boot application using Spring Data JPA, it's best to use declarative transaction management with the @Transactional annotation. This allows you to specify transaction boundaries at the method level, ensuring that each service method operates within a transaction. Implementing programmatic transaction management or disabling transactions can lead to data inconsistency issues. Distributed transactions are complex and typically used in multi-database scenarios.

In Spring Boot's project structure, where should the application properties file be placed?

  • src/application.properties
  • src/main/java/application.properties
  • src/main/resources/application.properties
  • src/resources/application.properties
In Spring Boot's project structure, the application properties file should be placed in the "src/main/resources" directory with the filename "application.properties." This is the standard location for configuration properties in a Spring Boot application. Placing it elsewhere or with a different name may require custom configuration.

You have a requirement to validate an object graph with nested objects and associations using JSR-303 Bean Validation. How would you achieve this, ensuring that the entire object graph is validated?

  • Create a custom validation group and apply it to the top-level object. Then, implement custom validation logic for the entire object graph within this validation group. Manually invoke the validation process on the top-level object, which will validate the entire object graph, including nested objects and associations.
  • Implement a custom validation interceptor that intercepts object creation or modification operations. In the interceptor, perform validation on the entire object graph, including nested objects and associations. This ensures that validation is consistently applied to object graphs.
  • Use Spring Boot's built-in automatic object graph validation feature by enabling it in the application properties. This feature will automatically validate object graphs, including nested objects and associations, when standard JSR-303 annotations are used. Customize the error messages and response format as needed in the application properties.
  • Use cascading validation by annotating the relevant fields or methods with @Valid. Ensure that the target object's associated objects are also annotated with @Valid. When validation is triggered, it will recursively validate the entire object graph, including nested objects and associations.
To validate an object graph with nested objects and associations using JSR-303 Bean Validation, you should use cascading validation by annotating the relevant fields or methods with @Valid. This ensures that the entire object graph is validated, including nested objects and associations. This is a standard and recommended approach in Spring Boot applications.

What is the primary role of the @RestController annotation in Spring Boot?

  • To create a request mapping for HTTP GET requests.
  • To define a controller class in Spring Boot.
  • To indicate a Spring Boot application's version.
  • To specify the package structure of the Spring Boot project.
The primary role of the @RestController annotation in Spring Boot is to define a controller class. It marks a Java class as a controller and combines @Controller and @ResponseBody annotations. This annotation is used to create RESTful web services, and it simplifies the process of building REST APIs by eliminating the need to annotate individual methods with @ResponseBody. It doesn't specify the package structure or application version.

In Spring Boot, to apply JSR-303 Bean Validation on method parameters, the _____ annotation is used.

  • @Constraint
  • @PathVariable
  • @RequestParam
  • @Validated
In Spring Boot, to apply JSR-303 Bean Validation on method parameters, you use the @Validated annotation. This annotation is typically applied to controller methods to trigger method-level validation. While the other annotations (@RequestParam, @PathVariable, and @Constraint) have their uses in Spring Boot, they are not specifically used for JSR-303 Bean Validation on method parameters.

How can you customize the security configurations when performing integration testing with @SpringBootTest in Spring Boot?

  • Use the @TestSecurity annotation to configure security settings for the test.
  • Modify the application.properties file for the test environment.
  • Implement a custom SecurityConfigurer class and annotate it with @TestSecurityConfig.
  • Use the @SpringBootTest annotation to enable security configurations automatically.
When performing integration testing with @SpringBootTest, you can customize security configurations by implementing a custom SecurityConfigurer class and annotating it with @TestSecurityConfig. This allows you to provide specific security settings for testing scenarios. Options 1, 2, and 4 are not the standard approaches for customizing security configurations in integration tests.

In a Spring Boot application, which utility is primarily used for performing HTTP requests in integration tests?

  • Apache HttpClient
  • JUnit
  • Mockito
  • TestRestTemplate
The TestRestTemplate utility is primarily used for performing HTTP requests in integration tests in Spring Boot applications. It provides a simple and convenient way to send HTTP requests and receive responses in your tests.

You have a Spring Boot application that integrates with several external services. How would you structure your tests to ensure that the interactions with external services are correctly handled, without actually interacting with the real services during the tests?

  • Use mock objects or libraries like WireMock to simulate external service responses
  • Perform live testing against the real external services
  • Skip testing interactions with external services
  • Rely on the documentation of external services
To ensure correct handling of interactions with external services, you would use mock objects or libraries like WireMock to simulate the responses of external services. This approach allows you to control the behavior of the external services during testing without actually making real requests. Live testing against real external services is not recommended in automated testing as it introduces dependencies and can be unreliable. Skipping testing interactions or relying solely on documentation is not a robust testing strategy.

What is the significance of the client-side load balancer, Ribbon, in a Spring Cloud environment?

  • Ribbon is a tool for asynchronous communication between microservices
  • Ribbon is responsible for registering services with the Eureka server
  • Ribbon is used to dynamically route client requests to multiple instances of a service for load balancing and fault tolerance
  • Ribbon manages service discovery in the Spring Cloud environment
In Spring Cloud, Ribbon is a client-side load balancer that dynamically routes client requests to multiple instances of a service. This helps distribute the load evenly and provides fault tolerance by automatically rerouting requests if a service instance fails.