In a reactive Spring Boot application, _____ is used to handle back pressure in a reactive stream.

  • Backpressure
  • Flux
  • Mono
  • Reactor
In a reactive Spring Boot application, Backpressure is used to handle back pressure in a reactive stream. Backpressure is a mechanism that allows a subscriber to signal to a publisher how many items it can consume at a time. This is essential for preventing overload and resource exhaustion in reactive streams when the publisher emits data faster than the subscriber can handle.

How can you customize Ribbon’s load-balancing strategy in a Spring Cloud application?

  • By configuring the ribbon.strategy property in application.properties.
  • By implementing a custom IRule and configuring it as a bean.
  • By using the @LoadBalanced annotation on RestTemplate.
  • By setting the ribbon.loadBalancer property in the service configuration.
In a Spring Cloud application, you can customize Ribbon's load-balancing strategy by implementing a custom IRule and configuring it as a bean. Ribbon uses IRule to determine which instance to route a request to. By creating a custom IRule, you can define your own load-balancing logic. The other options are not used to customize Ribbon's load-balancing strategy. The @LoadBalanced annotation is used to enable client-side load balancing with RestTemplate. The ribbon.strategy and ribbon.loadBalancer properties are not used for customizing the load-balancing strategy directly.

Which interface in Spring Boot is used to create custom validators for a class?

  • Validator
  • Validatable
  • ValidationInterface
  • SpringValidator
In Spring Boot, the interface used to create custom validators for a class is Validator. You can implement this interface to define custom validation logic for your domain objects. It allows you to specify the conditions under which an object is considered valid. The other options (Validatable, ValidationInterface, and SpringValidator) are not standard Spring Boot interfaces for creating custom validators.

For creating a Spring Boot project, the _____ website provides a user-friendly interface to generate project structure with desired configurations.

  • Spring Boot Creator
  • Spring Framework
  • Spring Generator
  • Spring Initializr
To create a Spring Boot project with desired configurations, the Spring Initializr website provides a user-friendly interface. Spring Initializr allows developers to select project settings, dependencies, and configurations, and it generates a project structure accordingly. This simplifies the process of setting up a Spring Boot project.

The Spring Boot _____ properties file allows users to configure the application's settings.

  • application.yml
  • configuration.properties
  • main.properties
  • settings.xml
In Spring Boot, the "application.yml" file is commonly used to configure the application's settings. This YAML file allows users to define various properties that control the behavior of the Spring Boot application. While other file formats like .properties are also used, "application.yml" is the most common in modern Spring Boot projects.

Which of the following is not a benefit of connection pooling in Spring Boot applications?

  • Efficient use of database resources.
  • Improved performance through connection reuse.
  • Reduced database connection overhead.
  • Simplified database configuration.
Connection pooling in Spring Boot applications offers several benefits, including improved performance, efficient resource utilization, and reduced connection overhead. However, it does not simplify database configuration. Database configuration typically includes specifying the database URL, username, password, and other settings, which connection pooling does not simplify; instead, it enhances performance and resource usage.

Explain how to secure service-to-service communication in a Spring Cloud environment using Spring Security.

  • By configuring a shared secret key between services for secure communication.
  • By exposing REST endpoints for service authentication and using JWT tokens.
  • By using HTTP Basic Authentication and securing the communication over HTTPS.
  • By using OAuth2 for authentication and authorization between services.
To secure service-to-service communication in a Spring Cloud environment using Spring Security, you can use OAuth2. This involves setting up an OAuth2 authorization server and resource servers. Services authenticate and authorize using OAuth2 tokens, ensuring secure communication. Exposing REST endpoints for service authentication and using JWT tokens is one approach, but it's just a part of the broader OAuth2-based security setup. Configuring a shared secret key or using HTTP Basic Authentication doesn't provide the same level of security and flexibility as OAuth2 in a Spring Cloud environment.

What is the primary purpose of using Mockito in unit testing?

  • To create mock objects
  • To execute SQL queries
  • To generate code coverage reports
  • To write test cases
Mockito is primarily used to create mock objects, which simulate the behavior of real objects in a controlled way. Mock objects are helpful for isolating the code being tested and verifying interactions between objects.

Can Bean Validation be applied to method parameters in Spring Boot, and if so, how?

  • No, Bean Validation can only be applied to class-level fields.
  • Yes, by annotating the method parameters with validation annotations like @Valid.
  • Yes, by creating a custom validation aspect and applying it to the methods that need validation.
  • Yes, by enabling the spring.validation.method property in the application.properties file.
Bean Validation can be applied to method parameters in Spring Boot by annotating the method parameters with validation annotations such as @Valid. This allows you to validate the input parameters of a method and apply validation rules to them.

What is the main advantage of using Spring Cloud Config Server in a microservices environment?

  • Centralized configuration management
  • Efficient data storage
  • Enhanced security features
  • Real-time monitoring capabilities
The primary advantage of using Spring Cloud Config Server in a microservices environment is centralized configuration management. It allows you to store configuration properties externally and manage them in a centralized manner, making it easier to update and maintain configurations across multiple services.