One of the main challenges with automated testing is ensuring that test scripts can be easily maintained over time. As the application evolves, the test scripts need to be updated, making maintenance a pivotal concern for ensuring the relevance of automated tests.

"Defect Age" is a testing metric that measures the period between when a defect is introduced into the code and when it is detected. This metric helps in understanding the efficiency of the testing process over time.

"Triage" is the phase in the bug life cycle where bugs are prioritized based on factors like their severity, impact, and the resources available. During this phase, the team decides the urgency and the order in which the bugs should be addressed. Verification is the process of checking if the bug has been fixed, while Reproduction is reproducing the reported bug.

UI elements can change their position, style, or other properties frequently. Using dynamic XPath locators allows test scripts to identify elements based on their unique relationships and properties rather than fixed coordinates or attributes that might change. This method ensures greater adaptability and reduces the chance of script failures due to minor UI adjustments.

"Unit Testing" focuses on the smallest unit of the software design (like functions, methods, or classes). Each unit is tested in isolation to discover any discrepancies between its expected and actual outcomes.

During the "Test Environment Setup" phase of the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC), the environment required for testing is prepared. This involves setting up the test servers, databases, and other resources. The validation ensures that the environment aligns with the requirements for accurate testing.

"Interoperability Testing" ensures that the mobile application can operate and interact as expected with other applications. This ensures that there's no interference or unexpected behavior when two or more apps are used simultaneously.

Platform Compatibility is the criterion that evaluates an automation tool's ability to run tests across different operating systems, browsers, and devices. A tool with high platform compatibility ensures consistent test execution across various environments, making it invaluable for diverse software and application landscapes.

Error Guessing is an experience-based testing technique where testers use their intuition and experience to guess where defects might be located in the software. This technique leverages the tester's past experiences and knowledge of common defect patterns.

The "big bang" approach differs from typical non-incremental methods in that, in the "big bang" approach, the integration testing is deferred until all individual modules are developed. This could lead to challenges in identifying defects because everything is tested at once.