A company undergoes a security audit and finds that their password policies are lax, with most employees using easily guessable passwords. As a security auditor, what would be your primary recommendation?
- Enforce a strong password policy
- Implement Multi-Factor Authentication
- Increase lockout time
- Regular password audits
Enforcing a strong password policy would be the primary recommendation, as it directly addresses the core issue of weak passwords. This policy would mandate criteria like password length, complexity, and change frequency. While MFA and regular audits are beneficial, addressing the root cause is essential.
Which of the following is NOT a type of white-box testing technique?
- Cyclomatic Complexity
- Path Testing
- Statement Coverage
- Usability Testing
White-box testing is focused on the internal structures of an application. While Cyclomatic Complexity, Statement Coverage, and Path Testing are white-box techniques, Usability Testing is a type of black-box testing, focusing on user experience.
What role does a Risk Management Plan play in the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)?
- To allocate budget for projects
- To code the software
- To debug issues
- To guide risk-based testing
In the STLC, a Risk Management Plan provides a structured approach to identify, assess, and prioritize risks associated with the testing process. It offers a framework for making decisions and allocating resources based on potential impacts and likelihood of risks.
Which Configuration Management activity ensures that the current design and build state of the software matches the latest product baseline?
- Auditing
- Build Automation
- Status Accounting
- Version Control
Auditing in Configuration Management ensures that the current design and build state of the software matches the latest product baseline. It involves a systematic examination of the processes, making certain that all procedures and standards are being followed, ensuring the integrity of the product.
Continuous Delivery ensures that the software can be reliably released at any time, whereas Continuous _______ ensures that the software is actually released frequently.
- Deployment
- Feedback
- Integration
- Testing
Continuous Delivery focuses on ensuring that code changes can be deployed to production at any time, making the release process reliable. Continuous Deployment, on the other hand, ensures these changes are automatically deployed to production frequently without human intervention.
In a project situation where multiple software components are developed by different teams and are to be integrated and tested simultaneously, how would resource planning ensure timely delivery and quality assurance?
- Allocate dedicated integration teams and use continuous integration tools.
- Focus on integration testing only.
- Have the development teams test each other's components.
- Only test the individual components.
In projects with multiple components developed by different teams, integration becomes a potential area of concern. Having dedicated integration teams ensures that components work together seamlessly. Using continuous integration tools helps identify and address integration issues early on. Testing only individual components or focusing solely on integration may miss out on potential defects.
Which of the following is a common team structure for a test organization in a larger enterprise?
- Cross-functional
- Hierarchical
- Independent Teams
- Waterfall Teams
In larger enterprises, a common team structure for a test organization is the Cross-functional team. This structure comprises members with diverse skill sets, such as test engineers, automation specialists, and performance testers, all working together collaboratively towards a common goal: ensuring software quality.
Which of the following best describes the primary advantage of experience-based techniques?
- They are time-consuming
- They are very systematic
- They follow a strict process
- They leverage tester's intuition and experience
Experience-based techniques, as the name suggests, rely heavily on the tester's own experiences, intuition, and understanding of similar past situations. While they might not be as systematic as other methods, they can be incredibly valuable because they tap into real-world insights, helping to identify issues that might be overlooked with purely systematic approaches.
During the software development process, you notice that a considerable amount of defects are introduced during the design phase. Which static technique can be most effectively used to mitigate this early on?
- Control Flow Testing
- Data Flow Testing
- Design Review
- Requirement Review
A Design Review is a static analysis technique that focuses on the design aspects of the software. Conducting thorough design reviews ensures that the design is consistent, meets requirements, and can identify potential issues early on. This can significantly reduce the number of defects introduced during the design phase.
When selecting test cases for automation, why is it recommended to choose those with high repeatability?
- They are easier to script
- They ensure better code coverage
- They highlight UI changes better
- They yield higher ROI
Test cases with high repeatability are ideal for automation because they need to be executed multiple times across different test cycles. Automating such tests can save significant time and effort in the long run, thereby yielding a higher Return on Investment (ROI). Repetitive tasks are where automation shines the most.