While both exploratory and ad hoc testing can seem similar due to their non-scripted nature, exploratory testing differentiates itself as it's based on the tester's knowledge, skills, and experience. Ad hoc lacks the structured approach present in exploratory testing.

The "Pesticide Paradox" principle explains that if the same tests are repeatedly conducted, they will no longer find new bugs. It's important to update and revise tests regularly to catch new defects. If the same bugs appear repeatedly, the tests might not be evolving with the application's changes.

Feedback from Beta Testing is invaluable as it comes directly from actual users. While it doesn't usually result in major architectural changes at this stage, it does often lead to refinements, bug fixes, and enhancements that improve the software's quality and usability, ensuring a more polished final product for the end-users.

Alpha testing typically involves internal teams (often developers or QA teams) testing the app, and it takes place before the beta version is released. In contrast, beta testing involves a select group of external users who test the nearly finished product. It helps gather feedback from real users before the final version is released to the public.

Branching within Configuration Management is especially beneficial when multiple teams or individuals are working on the same codebase. This allows each team or developer to work on a separate "branch" or copy of the codebase, ensuring that they don't interfere with each other's work. Once the work on a branch is complete, it can be merged back into the main codebase after thorough testing, ensuring a smooth integration of different features or fixes.

To ensure improved traceability in CI/CD pipelines, it's crucial to link each code commit to a specific "Issue or Ticket". This provides context about why a particular change was made, aids in debugging, and ensures transparency and accountability in the process.

Non-incremental integration testing, commonly referred to as the Big Bang approach, involves integrating all modules suddenly at once and then testing the entire system. This approach is risky because if any defects arise, it becomes difficult to identify the root cause since everything is integrated all at once.

The "Coding" phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is where the actual software code gets written. After the requirements are gathered and the system design is laid out, developers start writing the code to build the software application.

A Cloud Testing Expert specializes in understanding the intricacies of cloud environments. They ensure that the application functions effectively under different cloud conditions, scales properly, and handles resource allocation effectively. Such expertise is pivotal for cloud-native apps.

In "White-Box Testing", test cases are designed considering the internal "Structure" of the application. It focuses on the internal logic, algorithm, and code complexity, ensuring that each part of the code has been tested.