Which principle advocates that a class should have only one reason to change?
- Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
- Open/Closed Principle (OCP)
- Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
- Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
The Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) suggests that a class should have only one reason to change, meaning it should have a single, well-defined responsibility. This principle contributes to code maintainability and flexibility.
Which process ensures that the software system performs the way it's intended to in the real-world environment?
- Software Design
- Software Testing
- Software Implementation
- Software Maintenance
Software testing ensures that the software system performs the way it's intended to in the real-world environment. This process involves running the software and evaluating its behavior to uncover issues and ensure it meets the specified requirements.
In a situation where a software application is functioning efficiently but needs modifications to enhance its operability and reduce future maintenance costs, what type of maintenance should be prioritized?
- Adaptive Maintenance
- Corrective Maintenance
- Perfective Maintenance
- Preventive Maintenance
In this situation, perfective maintenance should be prioritized. Perfective maintenance focuses on improving the software's efficiency, maintainability, and usability without correcting defects. It is essential for enhancing the software's operability and reducing future maintenance costs by making it more efficient and user-friendly.
Why is documentation a crucial aspect during the software re-engineering process?
- It is not essential for software re-engineering
- It helps developers understand the original code
- It is only required for legal purposes
- It increases the cost of re-engineering
Documentation is crucial during software re-engineering because it helps developers understand the original code. This is essential for making informed decisions about what needs to be changed or improved. Without proper documentation, re-engineering can be much more challenging and error-prone.
The regression test suite is continuously updated to incorporate test cases for new features and functionalities.
- Bugs
- Documentation
- Features
- User stories
The regression test suite is updated to include test cases for new features and functionalities. This ensures that new developments do not break existing functionality while introducing new capabilities to the software.
_____ is a quality attribute that refers to the software's ability to operate correctly in all its intended environments and scenarios.
- Reliability
- Performance
- Security
- Usability
Reliability is a crucial quality attribute in software engineering. It signifies the software's ability to operate correctly in all its intended environments and scenarios, providing consistent and dependable performance. A reliable software system minimizes the chances of failures or errors.
In a scenario where a software review identifies critical design flaws late in the development process, how should the project team navigate through this challenge to ensure minimal project delay and cost overrun?
- Continue development without addressing the flaws
- Halt the project and start from scratch
- Assess the impact of the flaws, prioritize necessary changes, and implement them efficiently
- Blame the development team for the flaws
When critical design flaws are discovered late in the development process, it is essential to assess the impact of these flaws, prioritize necessary changes, and implement them efficiently to minimize project delay and cost overrun. Starting from scratch or ignoring the flaws can be time-consuming and costly. Blaming the team doesn't solve the issue.
Verification is typically performed by the ______ team, while validation is typically performed by the ______ team.
- Development, Testing
- Testing, Development
- Quality Assurance, Project Management
- Business Analysts, Customers
Verification, in the context of software engineering, is typically performed by the testing team. It involves checking whether the software meets its specified requirements. Validation, on the other hand, is typically performed by the development team, ensuring that the software meets the customer's needs and expectations.
In a scenario where a security audit for a software application is necessary, how might white box testing be utilized to identify potential vulnerabilities in the code?
- By ignoring the code and focusing only on user interface vulnerabilities
- By running penetration tests from an external perspective
- By analyzing the code, identifying weak points, and simulating attacks
- By relying on automated testing tools without code analysis
White box testing, in a security context, involves analyzing the code to identify potential vulnerabilities, such as code injection or security weaknesses, and then simulating attacks to verify their presence.
Which design pattern defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each one, and makes them interchangeable?
- Singleton Pattern
- Factory Pattern
- Strategy Pattern
- Prototype Pattern
The Strategy design pattern defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each one, and makes them interchangeable. It allows you to define a set of algorithms, encapsulate them in separate classes, and make them interchangeable at runtime, enabling the client to choose the appropriate algorithm without altering its code. This pattern is especially useful when you want to provide multiple ways to accomplish a task, such as sorting, without changing the client code.