Which aspect of software maintenance involves ensuring that the software continues to function over time?
- Adaptive maintenance
- Corrective maintenance
- Preventive maintenance
- Perfective maintenance
Adaptive maintenance involves ensuring that the software continues to function over time by adapting it to changes in the environment, such as hardware upgrades or changes in user requirements.
Microservices architecture is considered suitable for which type of application development?
- Small, simple applications
- Large, complex applications
- Mobile applications only
- Embedded systems
Microservices architecture is typically considered suitable for large and complex applications. It allows breaking down complex systems into manageable, independently deployable microservices, which can improve scalability and maintainability for such applications.
Consider a case where a software application with a complex internal structure is being tested. How might white box testing provide insights into potential performance issues within the internal algorithms?
- By conducting load testing without examining the code
- By exclusively relying on user feedback for performance evaluations
- By analyzing the code to identify bottlenecks and inefficiencies
- By executing random tests on the user interface
White box testing allows for an examination of the internal code to identify potential performance bottlenecks and inefficiencies within the algorithms and codebase, which can help in optimizing performance.
In the context of the Strategy design pattern, strategies are often implemented using _____?
- Inheritance
- Composition
- Polymorphism
- Encapsulation
In the Strategy design pattern, strategies are often implemented using composition. This allows different strategies to be encapsulated in separate objects that can be switched at runtime, promoting flexibility and modularity in the software design.
Which software architecture style divides an application into interconnected components that can be developed independently?
- Monolithic
- Microservices
- Client-Server
- Service-Oriented
Microservices architecture is an architectural style that divides an application into smaller, interconnected components that can be developed independently. Each microservice is responsible for specific functions and communicates with other services over a network. This approach enhances flexibility, scalability, and ease of development.
______ maintenance is required to rectify defects and errors that were not discovered during the earlier stages of the development cycle.
- Corrective
- Adaptive
- Preventive
- Perfective
Corrective maintenance focuses on fixing defects and errors that were not identified during development or testing phases. It is essential for ensuring the reliability and stability of the software.
Suppose a team is working on a small-scale application with a tight deadline. In such a situation, discuss whether a monolithic or microservices architecture would be more apt, and why?
- Monolithic is more suitable
- Microservices are more suitable
- Both are equally suitable
- It depends on the team's preference
In a situation with a small-scale application and a tight deadline, a monolithic architecture is generally more suitable. Monolithic applications are easier and quicker to develop, as they have fewer moving parts. Microservices, while beneficial for scalability and maintainability, may introduce complexity that could slow down development in this context.
How does effective software maintenance contribute to the sustainability of a software product in the market?
- It reduces development costs.
- It ensures no changes are made to the software.
- It improves performance and adds new features.
- It focuses solely on bug fixes.
Effective software maintenance involves enhancing the software by improving its performance and adding new features. This ensures that the software remains competitive and appealing to customers, contributing to its sustainability in the market. Frequent updates and improvements are often essential for long-term success.
How do system testing strategies differ when implemented in an agile development environment compared to a waterfall development environment?
- System testing is not conducted in Agile
- Agile focuses on extensive documentation
- Waterfall emphasizes continuous testing
- Agile integrates testing throughout the development cycle
In an Agile development environment, system testing is integrated throughout the development cycle, with continuous testing efforts. This differs from the Waterfall model, where testing occurs in a dedicated phase. Agile's iterative approach allows for more frequent and incremental testing.
Which principle advocates that a class should have only one reason to change?
- Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
- Open/Closed Principle (OCP)
- Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
- Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
The Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) suggests that a class should have only one reason to change, meaning it should have a single, well-defined responsibility. This principle contributes to code maintainability and flexibility.