To stop an event from propagating to parent elements in React, you should use the stopPropagation() method on the event object, as described in option 2. This method prevents the event from continuing to bubble up the component tree. Option 1 is incorrect, as e.preventDefault() is used to prevent the default behavior of an event, not its propagation. Option 3 is not the recommended way in React, and option 4 is not accurate, as event propagation can indeed be stopped in React.

React.memo is used to prevent unnecessary re-renders of functional components. When a functional component's props or state change, React will re-render it. React.memo optimizes this process by memoizing the component, so it only re-renders when its props change. The other options do not accurately describe the purpose of React.memo.

The primary advantage of using CSS-in-JS libraries like Styled-components in React is improved code organization. Styled-components allow you to define component-specific styles directly within your JavaScript code, making it easier to manage styles in a component-centric way. While performance benefits can be realized, the main advantage is the organization of styles.

In Immutable.js, the .push() method is used to return a new List with values appended to the end of the current List. The other methods have different purposes; for example, .concat() is used to concatenate two Lists, and .insert() is used to insert values at specific indices. .append() is not a method in Immutable.js.

Better performance is NOT a valid reason to choose class components over functional components. In fact, functional components are often more performant due to optimizations made by React in recent versions. The other options, such as legacy codebase, extensive use of lifecycle methods, or personal preference for class-based syntax, can be valid reasons to choose class components in some cases.

To customize the Next.js configuration, you would create or modify the next.config.json file. This JSON file allows you to configure various aspects of your Next.js application, including customizing webpack, setting environment variables, and more. The other options are not used for customizing Next.js configuration directly.

Overusing Render Props can lead to reduced component reusability. While Render Props are a valuable pattern for sharing code, excessive use can make components less versatile and harder to maintain. Prop drilling (Option 1) is a related issue but not the main drawback of Render Props. Render Props can also introduce some performance overhead, but this isn't their primary drawback. Improved code maintainability (Option 4) is a potential benefit, not a drawback.

One potential downside of using Render Props is increased complexity, especially if they are nested deeply within components. While Render Props provide a powerful pattern for sharing behavior, they can lead to more complex code structures, which might be harder to maintain and understand, particularly when deeply nested.

The correct way to render multiple children without adding extra nodes to the DOM in React is by using a React.Fragment wrapper around the children components. This approach avoids introducing unnecessary nodes to the DOM while allowing you to group and render multiple components cleanly and efficiently.

Using Websockets for real-time applications in React can reduce the server load because it allows the server to push updates only when necessary, as opposed to constant polling. While Websockets offer several benefits, such as real-time updates and enhanced interactivity, they do not directly impact SEO, client-side routing, or code maintainability.