What is a data frame in R?

  • A graphical representation of data
  • A collection of data elements of the same data type
  • A two-dimensional table-like data structure
  • A statistical model used for forecasting
A data frame in R is a two-dimensional table-like data structure where columns can contain different data types. It is similar to a spreadsheet or a database table, where each column represents a variable and each row represents an observation.

In R, the ________ function can be used to check if a value is numeric.

  • is.character()
  • is.factor()
  • is.logical()
  • is.numeric()
The is.numeric() function in R is used to check if a value is numeric. It returns TRUE if the value is numeric and FALSE otherwise.

What would be the output if you try to print a variable that doesn't exist in R?

  • A blank output
  • An error message
  • The string "NA"
  • The string "NULL"
If you try to print a variable that doesn't exist in R, you will get an error message stating "Error: object 'x' not found", where 'x' is the name of the non-existent variable. This is because R tries to find the variable in the environment and fails when it does not exist.

In R, the ________ function is used to calculate the natural logarithm of a number.

  • ln()
  • log()
  • log10()
  • natural_log()
The log() function in R is used to calculate the natural logarithm of a number. By default, it computes natural logarithms, but you can also provide a base as the second argument. For example, log(7) would return the natural logarithm of 7.

In R, to access the first element of an array named myarray, you would use ______.

  • myarray[1]
  • myarray[[1]]
  • myarray[1, 1]
  • myarray[[1, 1]]
In R, to access the first element of an array named myarray, you would use myarray[1]. The square brackets [] are used to extract elements from an array. The index 1 refers to the first element of the array.

To calculate the mean of each column in a data frame in R, you would use the ______ function.

  • colMeans()
  • rowMeans()
  • mean()
  • apply()
To calculate the mean of each column in a data frame in R, you would use the colMeans() function. The colMeans() function computes the mean values across each column of the data frame.

You have a script that isn't running as expected, and you suspect there's an issue with the syntax.

  • Ask someone else to fix it
  • Delete the script and start over
  • Ignore the error and continue
  • Use the traceback() function
The 'traceback()' function in R prints out the function call stack after an error occurs. This can help identify where the error is in the code, especially for syntax errors. Other debugging tools in R include 'debug()', 'browser()', and 'recover()'.

Suppose you're working with a list of vectors of different types and you need to concatenate them into a single vector. How would you approach this?

  • None of the above
  • Use the c() function
  • Use the paste() function
  • Use the unlist() function
If you're working with a list of vectors of different types and you need to concatenate them into a single vector, you can use the 'unlist()' function. This function can flatten a list of vectors into a single vector.

How does R handle arrays that contain elements of different data types?

  • R coerces the elements to the most flexible type within the array
  • R assigns each element a unique data type within the array
  • R throws an error if an array contains elements of different data types
  • None of the above
When an array is created in R with elements of different data types, R coerces the elements to the most flexible type within the array. This means that if the array contains elements of different data types, R will automatically convert them to a common type that can accommodate all the values in the array.

Suppose you're asked to create a pie chart in R that shows the distribution of a categorical variable in a data set. How would you do it?

  • Use the pie() function and provide a vector of non-negative numeric values representing the proportions of the segments
  • Use the barplot() function and specify the categorical variable as the x argument
  • Use the plot() function with type = "pie" and specify the categorical variable as the data argument
  • Use the ggplot2 package and the geom_bar() function with the categorical variable as the x aesthetic
To create a pie chart in R that shows the distribution of a categorical variable in a data set, you would use the pie() function. Provide a vector of non-negative numeric values representing the proportions of the segments corresponding to each category.