In R, a basic plot is created using the plot() function. It is a versatile function that can create various types of plots, such as scatter plots, line plots, bar plots, and more.

In R, the %*% operator can be used to multiply matrices. The %*% operator performs matrix multiplication, which is a mathematical operation that combines two matrices to produce a new matrix.

R does not calculate the mean of a character vector or factor directly. When attempting to calculate the mean of a character vector or factor, R typically returns an error or produces unexpected results. The mean calculation is appropriate for numeric data, not character or factor data.

In R, the break statement is used to exit a loop prematurely. When a certain condition is met within the loop, the break statement is encountered, and the loop is immediately terminated, allowing the code to proceed to the next statement after the loop.

In R, a matrix is created using the matrix() function. You can pass a vector of values and specify the number of rows and columns to create a matrix. Alternatively, you can use other functions like cbind() and rbind() to combine vectors into a matrix.

In R, the concept of a function within a function that retains access to the environment it was created in is called a closure. Closures are created when a nested function is defined within another function and can access the variables and objects in the parent function's environment even after the parent function has finished executing.

The time complexity of nested loops can significantly impact program performance. If the loops involve large datasets or a high number of iterations, the execution time can increase exponentially, leading to slower program performance. It's important to optimize the code and consider alternative approaches to nested loops for more efficient execution.

R functions can indeed be recursive, meaning a function can call itself within its own definition. This is a common technique used in many programming languages, including R, particularly when working with data structures that have a hierarchical or nested nature.

No, all elements of an array in R must be of the same data type. Arrays are homogeneous structures, meaning they can only contain elements of a single data type, such as numeric, character, or logical. If elements of different data types are passed, R will coerce them to a common type, resulting in an array of that type.

To calculate the median of each row in a matrix in R, you would use the rowMedian() function. However, note that the rowMedian() function is not available in base R. You can use the apply() function with the margin argument set to 1 to calculate the median of each row.