To avoid infinite loops when using a while loop in R, you can ensure that the condition in the while loop eventually becomes false based on the desired logic. This can be achieved by carefully designing the loop condition. Additionally, you can incorporate a counter to limit the number of iterations or use a break statement to exit the loop when a specific condition is met. These techniques help ensure that the loop execution is controlled and does not run indefinitely.

To improve the readability of nested if statements in R, it is advisable to use proper indentation. Indentation helps visually represent the nested structure of the code, making it easier to understand the flow of conditions and code blocks.

To change the color of points in a scatter plot in R, you would use the col parameter. It allows you to specify the color of the points, either by providing a color name or a numerical value representing a specific color.

In R, a basic plot is created using the plot() function. It is a versatile function that can create various types of plots, such as scatter plots, line plots, bar plots, and more.

In R, the %*% operator can be used to multiply matrices. The %*% operator performs matrix multiplication, which is a mathematical operation that combines two matrices to produce a new matrix.

R does not calculate the mean of a character vector or factor directly. When attempting to calculate the mean of a character vector or factor, R typically returns an error or produces unexpected results. The mean calculation is appropriate for numeric data, not character or factor data.

The time complexity of nested loops can significantly impact program performance. If the loops involve large datasets or a high number of iterations, the execution time can increase exponentially, leading to slower program performance. It's important to optimize the code and consider alternative approaches to nested loops for more efficient execution.

R functions can indeed be recursive, meaning a function can call itself within its own definition. This is a common technique used in many programming languages, including R, particularly when working with data structures that have a hierarchical or nested nature.

No, all elements of an array in R must be of the same data type. Arrays are homogeneous structures, meaning they can only contain elements of a single data type, such as numeric, character, or logical. If elements of different data types are passed, R will coerce them to a common type, resulting in an array of that type.

To calculate the median of each row in a matrix in R, you would use the rowMedian() function. However, note that the rowMedian() function is not available in base R. You can use the apply() function with the margin argument set to 1 to calculate the median of each row.