Which of the following best describes "defensive programming" in the context of PHP?
- Writing code that anticipates and handles errors
- Writing code that aggressively catches and suppresses all errors
- Writing code that relies on system error messages to identify issues
- Writing code that creates intentional vulnerabilities for testing purposes
Defensive programming in PHP involves writing code that anticipates and handles errors, aiming to make the code robust and resilient to unexpected issues.
How can you include a file from another namespace without using its fully qualified name?
- use statement
- include statement
- require statement
- namespace keyword
You can include a file from another namespace without using its fully qualified name by using the use statement. It allows you to alias namespaces or import classes/functions into the current namespace.
Imagine you're building a multi-language website. Which method would be best to remember the user's language preference over multiple visits?
- Cookies
- Local Storage
- Session Storage
- Browser Cookies
To remember the user's language preference over multiple visits, "Cookies" are the best method. They can persist data across sessions and are widely used for such purposes.
What is the primary purpose of a constructor method in a PHP class?
- Initializing variables
- Defining class methods
- Creating new objects
- Destructing the object
The primary purpose of a constructor method in a PHP class is to initialize the class's properties or variables when an object is created. It's automatically called when an object is instantiated.
Which predefined PHP function is used to find the position of the first occurrence of a substring?
- strpos($string, $substring)
- strfind($string, $substring)
- strstrpos($string, $substring)
- locate($substring, $string)
The correct option is 'strpos($string, $substring)'. It is used to find the position of the first occurrence of a substring within a string. The other options are incorrect functions.
How can you remove the first element from an array in PHP?
- array_shift()
- array_pop()
- unset()
- array_slice($array, 1)
The array_shift() function removes and returns the first element of an array, effectively shifting the array's keys.
PHP is loosely typed, meaning:
- Data types are strictly enforced
- Data types are dynamically determined
- Data types are not used in PHP
- Data types are implicitly cast
PHP is loosely typed, meaning that data types are dynamically determined by the context in which they are used. Variables can change their data type as needed.
You're debugging a PHP script and notice that a block of code inside an 'if' condition is always executing, even when the condition is false. Which of the following operators might be the cause of this behavior?
- == (Equality)
- #NAME?
- === (Identity)
- != (Inequality)
The '=' operator is used for assignment, not comparison. This results in the condition always evaluating as true, causing the code block to execute.
One method to add an extra layer of security during user authentication is called two-factor ________.
- Authentication
- Authorization Code
- Verification
- Authentication
To enhance security during user authentication, implementing "two-factor Authentication" is a recommended practice. This involves using two different methods to verify a user's identity.
The method of ensuring that data conforms to specific rules or definitions is called ________.
- Validation
- Sanitization
- Normalization
- Serialization
The process of ensuring data conforms to specific rules or definitions is called validation, which is essential for data integrity and security.