PHP is loosely typed, meaning:
- Data types are strictly enforced
- Data types are dynamically determined
- Data types are not used in PHP
- Data types are implicitly cast
PHP is loosely typed, meaning that data types are dynamically determined by the context in which they are used. Variables can change their data type as needed.
To ensure that an email field contains a valid email address, you can use the PHP ________ filter.
- sanitize_email()
- validate_email()
- filter_var()
- check_email()
You can use the PHP filter_var() function with the FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL filter to ensure that an email field contains a valid email address.
Which of the following is the correct way to define an associative array in PHP?
- $colors = ['red' => '#FF0000', 'green' => '#00FF00', 'blue' => '#0000FF']
- $colors = ['red', 'green', 'blue']
- $colors = ('red' => '#FF0000', 'green' => '#00FF00', 'blue' => '#0000FF')
- $colors = {'red' => '#FF0000', 'green' => '#00FF00', 'blue' => '#0000FF'}
The correct way to define an associative array in PHP is by using the format shown in Option 1, where keys are associated with values using the => symbol.
Which of the following best describes "defensive programming" in the context of PHP?
- Writing code that anticipates and handles errors
- Writing code that aggressively catches and suppresses all errors
- Writing code that relies on system error messages to identify issues
- Writing code that creates intentional vulnerabilities for testing purposes
Defensive programming in PHP involves writing code that anticipates and handles errors, aiming to make the code robust and resilient to unexpected issues.
How can you include a file from another namespace without using its fully qualified name?
- use statement
- include statement
- require statement
- namespace keyword
You can include a file from another namespace without using its fully qualified name by using the use statement. It allows you to alias namespaces or import classes/functions into the current namespace.
Imagine you're building a multi-language website. Which method would be best to remember the user's language preference over multiple visits?
- Cookies
- Local Storage
- Session Storage
- Browser Cookies
To remember the user's language preference over multiple visits, "Cookies" are the best method. They can persist data across sessions and are widely used for such purposes.
What is the primary purpose of a constructor method in a PHP class?
- Initializing variables
- Defining class methods
- Creating new objects
- Destructing the object
The primary purpose of a constructor method in a PHP class is to initialize the class's properties or variables when an object is created. It's automatically called when an object is instantiated.
Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for secure session management?
- Storing sensitive data in sessions
- Using secure and HTTP-only cookies
- Implementing session timeout
- Generating random and unpredictable session IDs
Storing sensitive data in sessions is not a recommended practice for secure session management. Sensitive data should be stored securely on the server, and only a reference (such as a session ID) should be stored in the session. Storing sensitive data in sessions can expose it to potential session data leakage.
CSRF attacks primarily target which aspect of a web application?
- User Sessions
- Database Structure
- User Credentials
- Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)
CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) attacks aim to exploit the user's active session, tricking them into performing unintended actions in an authenticated session.
You're debugging a PHP script and notice that a block of code inside an 'if' condition is always executing, even when the condition is false. Which of the following operators might be the cause of this behavior?
- == (Equality)
- #NAME?
- === (Identity)
- != (Inequality)
The '=' operator is used for assignment, not comparison. This results in the condition always evaluating as true, causing the code block to execute.