In a typical CRUD operation, what does the "U" stand for?
- Update
- Utilize
- Understand
- Unify
In a typical CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operation, "U" stands for "Update." It signifies the process of modifying existing data in a database or system.
You are developing a web application where users can submit comments. Which of the following techniques would you implement to ensure that malicious scripts aren't executed when other users view the comments?
- Input Validation and Sanitization
- Server-Side Rendering (SSR)
- Using Base64 Encoding
- Implementing Captcha Verification
Input Validation and Sanitization are key to preventing Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks. These techniques ensure that user input is thoroughly checked and sanitized to prevent the execution of malicious scripts when displaying comments. SSR, Base64 encoding, and Captcha are useful in other contexts but do not directly prevent XSS.
Which superglobal array is used to access session variables in PHP?
- $_GET
- $_POST
- $_SESSION
- $_COOKIE
The superglobal array used to access session variables in PHP is $_SESSION. It stores session data that can be accessed across multiple pages during a user's session.
When using PDO in PHP, which method is typically used to execute a prepared statement?
- execute()
- query()
- fetch()
- prepare()
In PDO (PHP Data Objects), the 'execute()' method is typically used to execute a prepared statement. It is used after preparing the statement with 'prepare()' to execute the query.
Which control structure is best suited for executing a block of code multiple times based on a condition?
- if statement
- for loop
- switch statement
- while loop
A 'for' loop is ideal for executing code repeatedly based on a condition, typically with an initialization, condition, and increment expression.
In PHP, the session data is serialized using the ________ mechanism.
- Object-Oriented
- Session-Cookie
- Serialize-Deserialize
- URL Rewriting
The correct option is "Serialize-Deserialize" mechanism. PHP uses serialization to store session data as a serialized string.
When a form is submitted, the actual method used for sending data can be found in the PHP superglobal called ________.
- $_SERVER
- $_REQUEST
- $_POST
- $_METHOD
The method used for sending data when a form is submitted can be found in the PHP superglobal $_POST.
In PHP, the namespace separator is represented by ________.
- .
- :
- ;
In PHP, the backslash () is used as the namespace separator. It's used to separate namespaces and access classes and functions within namespaces.
What is the primary purpose of namespaces in PHP?
- Avoiding naming conflicts
- Grouping related functions
- Controlling access to functions
- Managing database connections
The primary purpose of namespaces in PHP is to avoid naming conflicts. It allows you to create distinct, isolated spaces for your code, preventing naming clashes in large projects.
Why is client-side validation alone not sufficient for securing form data?
- It cannot handle server errors
- It is easily bypassed by malicious users
- It slows down the form submission
- It is not compatible with modern browsers
Client-side validation can be easily bypassed, making it unreliable for security. It should be complemented with server-side validation to prevent malicious input.