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What is the PHP function to sanitize a string?

  • filter_var()
  • sanitize_string()
  • clean_string()
  • validate_string()
The PHP function to sanitize a string is filter_var(). It can be used to apply filters and sanitization options specifically designed for strings, such as removing HTML tags, escaping special characters, and stripping or encoding unwanted characters. The filter_var() function provides a convenient and reliable way to sanitize strings in PHP. To learn more, visit: http://php.net/manual/en/function.filter-var.php
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Is it possible to destroy a cookie?

  • Yes
  • No
  • Depends on the browser support
  • Depends on the server configuration
Yes, it is possible to destroy a cookie by setting its expiration time to a past date or using the setcookie() function with an empty value. This instructs the browser to remove the cookie from its storage. Learn more: http://php.net/manual/en/function.setcookie.php
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How can we automatically escape incoming data?

  • You can use functions like htmlspecialchars() or htmlentities() to automatically escape incoming data in PHP.
  • You can use the addslashes() function to automatically escape incoming data in PHP.
  • You can use the urlencode() function to automatically escape incoming data in PHP.
  • You can use the json_encode() function to automatically escape incoming data in PHP.
To automatically escape incoming data in PHP, you can use functions like htmlspecialchars() or htmlentities(). These functions convert special characters to their corresponding HTML entities, preventing them from being interpreted as HTML or potentially causing cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. By applying these functions to user input or any data that will be displayed on a webpage, you can ensure that the data is properly escaped and does not pose a security risk. For example, you can use htmlspecialchars($input) to automatically escape the $input variable. It's important to note that the specific function to use depends on the context in which the data will be used (e.g., displaying data in HTML, within an attribute value, etc.). Always consider the specific security requirements of your application and consult the PHP documentation for more details on proper data escaping techniques.
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What are some common uses of the fclose() function in PHP?

  • Freeing up resources
  • Closing database connections
  • Cleaning up file handles
  • Closing network sockets
The fclose() function in PHP is used to close an open file. It is an essential step to free up resources and release the file handle. This function is commonly used after reading from or writing to a file to ensure proper cleanup and prevent resource leaks. It is good practice to close files once you are done with them.
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What is the main purpose of a destructor in a PHP class?

  • To perform cleanup tasks and deallocate resources
  • To initialize the object properties
  • To define class constants
  • To call other methods within the class
The main purpose of a destructor in a PHP class is to perform cleanup tasks and deallocate resources held by the object. The correct option is "To perform cleanup tasks and deallocate resources." The destructor is automatically called when an object is no longer referenced or explicitly destroyed, allowing you to release any resources or perform necessary cleanup operations. For more information, consult the PHP documentation on destructors: https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.decon.php#language.oop5.decon.destruct
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In PHP, superglobals are ______ that are always accessible, regardless of scope.

  • Predefined variables
  • User-defined variables
  • Private variables
  • Local variables
The correct option is 1. Superglobals in PHP are predefined variables that are always accessible, regardless of scope. They are built-in variables provided by PHP that are automatically available in all scopes throughout a script. Superglobals are prefixed with a special character, such as $_, to differentiate them from regular variables. They are predefined by the PHP language and serve specific purposes, such as accessing form data, server information, or session data. Examples of superglobals in PHP include $_GET, $_POST, $_SERVER, and $_SESSION. Superglobals allow developers to access important information or resources easily without the need for additional declarations or modifications. Learn more: https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.variables.superglobals.php
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You are writing a PHP script and you need to store a list of items that can be accessed by their position in the list. How would you do this using an indexed array?

  • Declare separate variables for each item in the list.
  • Use a string variable to concatenate the items.
  • Use an associative array to map items to their positions.
  • Use an indexed array to store the items in a sequential manner.
To store a list of items that can be accessed by their position in the list, you would use an indexed array in PHP. An indexed array allows you to store multiple values in a specific order, with each value assigned a numeric key starting from 0. The order of the elements is preserved, and you can access each item by using its corresponding numeric key. This provides a convenient way to manage and manipulate lists of items in PHP scripts. Learn more: https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.types.array.php#language.types.array.syntax
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You are writing a PHP script and you want to execute a block of code as long as a certain condition is true. How would you do this using a while loop?

  • Write the condition inside the while loop's parentheses
  • Write the condition after the while keyword
  • Write the condition in a separate line with braces
  • Write the condition after the code block
To execute a block of code as long as a certain condition is true using a while loop in PHP, you would write the condition inside the while loop's parentheses. The code block following the while loop will be executed repeatedly until the condition becomes false. The condition is checked before each iteration of the loop, and if it evaluates to true, the code block will execute. If the condition initially evaluates to false, the code block will not execute at all. Learn more: https://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.while.php
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The do...while loop in PHP will execute a block of code once, and then continue executing it as long as the ______ is true.

  • Condition
  • Code block
  • Iterator
  • Loop variable
The do...while loop in PHP will execute a block of code once, and then continue executing it as long as the condition is true. The condition is tested at the end of the loop, after executing the code block. If the condition evaluates to true, the loop continues to execute. If the condition is false, the loop terminates. The do...while loop guarantees that the code block is executed at least once before checking the condition for further iterations. Learn more: https://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.do.while.php
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The break statement in PHP is used to ______ the current loop and move the program control to the line immediately following the loop.

  • Skip
  • Terminate
  • Pause
  • Restart
The correct option is: "Terminate." The break statement in PHP is used to terminate the current loop and move the program control to the line immediately following the loop. It is commonly used when a specific condition is met, and you want to exit the loop entirely. Learn more: https://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.break.php
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