How can you prevent the inheritance of an exception class in PHP?
- Declare the exception class as 'final'
- Use 'private' inheritance
- Implement 'protected' inheritance
- Use 'static' keyword inheritance
In PHP, you can prevent inheritance of a class by declaring it as 'final.' This ensures that no other class can extend it. Exception classes are often made final to prevent further customization or accidental overriding of their behavior.
What is the significance of the E_ALL constant in PHP error reporting?
- Report all error types
- Ignore all errors
- Log errors to a file
- Display errors on the webpage
The E_ALL constant in PHP error reporting is significant because it represents a bitmask that includes all error types. When used, it tells PHP to report and handle all types of errors in your code.
Once a constant is defined in PHP, can its value be changed later in the script?
- Yes
- No
- Only within functions
- Only within classes
In PHP, once a constant is defined, its value cannot be changed later in the script. Constants are intended to hold values that do not change during the script's execution.
Imagine you are creating a login system for a web application. To ensure the security of user credentials, which of the following methods would be the best practice?
- Use HTTPS with Secure Cookies
- Store Passwords in Plain Text Files
- Apply Weak Encryption
- Implementing User-Friendly Passwords
Using HTTPS with secure cookies ensures data transmission security, protecting user credentials. Storing passwords in plain text files is highly insecure. Weak encryption is also insufficient. User-friendly passwords, while a good practice, do not directly ensure security; the infrastructure does.
In a multidimensional array, the ________ function can be used to count the total number of elements.
- count
- size
- total_elements
- array_length
To count the total number of elements in a multidimensional array, you can use the 'count' function in PHP. It counts all elements, including those within nested arrays.
Which HTTP method appends form-data into the URL in name/value pairs?
- GET
- POST
- PUT
- DELETE
The GET method appends form data into the URL as name/value pairs. This makes the data visible in the URL, which is suitable for non-sensitive information.
A ___________ typically connects personal devices within an individual's immediate vicinity, such as connecting a smartphone to a laptop via Bluetooth.
- WAN
- LAN
- PAN
- MAN
PAN (Personal Area Network) is a network for personal devices and is typically used for connections within an individual's immediate vicinity, often within the range of a single person. Examples include connecting a smartphone to a laptop via Bluetooth or connecting a smartwatch to a phone.
You are developing a PHP script where you need to ensure that a particular value, say the company name, remains unchanged throughout the script. Which of the following would be the best approach?
- Define a constant
- Use a global variable
- Pass the value as a function parameter
- Store the value in a session variable
Defining a constant in PHP ensures that the value remains unchanged throughout the script, providing a read-only variable. This is suitable for constant values like company names.
Which of the following SQL statements is used to start a transaction in a relational database?
- BEGIN TRANSACTION
- INITIATE TRANSACTION
- START TRANSACTION
- CREATE TRANSACTION
The correct SQL statement to begin a transaction in a relational database is "BEGIN TRANSACTION." Starting a transaction is essential for ensuring data consistency.
Imagine you're building a feedback form where users can submit comments. To prevent potential script injections, which PHP function would you use to process the comment text before displaying it back to other users or saving it to a database?
- htmlentities()
- urlencode()
- strip_tags()
- base64_encode()
The htmlentities() function is used to convert potentially harmful characters in user input to their HTML entities, preventing script injections. It's a security measure to sanitize user-generated content.