In Node.js, the process.cwd() method returns the ________.
- current working directory
- home directory
- root directory
- parent directory
In Node.js, the process.cwd() method returns the current working directory of the Node.js process. This directory is the base directory from which the Node.js process was started.
You are building a real-time data processing system where tasks are dependent on the completion of previous tasks. How would you structure your Promises/async functions to ensure the sequence is maintained?
- Using async/await
- Using Promise.then()
- Using Promise.race()
- Using setTimeout()
To ensure the sequence of tasks is maintained in a real-time data processing system, you should structure your code using async/await. This allows you to write asynchronous code in a more synchronous style, ensuring that each task awaits the completion of the previous one. The other options are not typically used for sequential task execution.
Which method is used to attach a listener to an event in the Events module of Node.js?
- addListener()
- bindEvent()
- attachEvent()
- on()
To attach a listener to an event in the Events module of Node.js, you typically use the on() method. It's a common and standard way to register event handlers. Options A, B, and C are not commonly used for attaching listeners in Node.js.
How does npm handle version conflicts between dependencies and devDependencies?
- It prioritizes devDependencies over dependencies
- It prioritizes dependencies over devDependencies
- It raises a version conflict error
- It automatically resolves conflicts
npm prioritizes dependencies over devDependencies. If there's a version conflict between a package listed in dependencies and the same package listed in devDependencies, the version specified in dependencies takes precedence. This ensures that the application uses the expected versions during production deployment.
To implement an authorization mechanism in Express.js effectively, developers often use ______ to manage user roles and permissions.
- Passport.js
- Express Passport
- Sequelize
- Mongoose
To implement an authorization mechanism in Express.js effectively, developers often use Passport.js. Passport.js is a popular authentication middleware for Node.js that supports various authentication strategies and can be used to manage user roles and permissions effectively. Sequelize and Mongoose are libraries for working with databases and are not directly related to authorization in Express.js.
Which of the following is true about the prototype chain in JavaScript?
- The prototype chain allows access to properties and methods of an object's prototype and its prototype's prototype, forming a chain.
- The prototype chain only includes direct parent objects.
- The prototype chain is static and cannot be modified dynamically.
- The prototype chain is not used in JavaScript.
The prototype chain in JavaScript allows access to properties and methods of an object's prototype, its prototype's prototype, and so on, forming a chain. It is a fundamental concept in JavaScript's object-oriented programming.
In the context of closures, what is meant by the term 'lexical scoping' in JavaScript?
- Lexical scoping, also known as static scoping, means that the scope of a variable is determined by its position within the source code, and it is fixed at the time of the variable's definition. In JavaScript, closures have lexical scoping, which means they capture variables from the outer function based on where they are defined in the code, not where they are executed.
- Lexical scoping, also called static scoping, refers to the way variables are resolved in a program. In JavaScript closures, lexical scoping means that the scope of a variable is determined by its location in the source code, and it remains fixed once the function is defined.
- Lexical scoping, often referred to as static scoping, is a feature of closures in JavaScript. It means that a closure captures variables from its surrounding context based on their lexical location, not their runtime values. This allows closures to access variables even after the outer function has completed execution.
- In JavaScript closures, lexical scoping means that the scope of a variable is determined by its position in the code when the closure is defined, not when it is executed. This ensures that closures capture the correct variables from their enclosing scope.
Closures and Lexical Scoping
How is the Buffer class in Node.js useful when dealing with binary data?
- The Buffer class provides methods to efficiently work with binary data, making it suitable for tasks like reading and writing files, working with network protocols, and handling binary data in memory.
- The Buffer class is used for debugging purposes and is not recommended for handling binary data.
- The Buffer class is primarily used for string manipulations and should not be used for binary data.
- The Buffer class is outdated and has been replaced by Typed Arrays in modern Node.js.
The Buffer class in Node.js is extremely useful when dealing with binary data. It provides methods for efficiently working with raw binary data, making it suitable for tasks such as reading and writing files, working with network protocols, and handling binary data in memory.
You are tasked with optimizing the build process of a Node.js application. How can the scripts section in the package.json file aid in automating and enhancing the build process?
- By adding extensive comments to describe the build steps
- By including development dependencies in the scripts section
- By defining custom scripts for various build tasks
- By removing the scripts section entirely
The scripts section in package.json is used to define custom scripts for various build tasks, test scripts, and more. It aids in automating and enhancing the build process by providing a central place to manage these tasks. Options 1 and 2 are not related to the scripts section, and option 4 is not a recommended approach.
The continue statement in a loop is used to skip the rest of the loop's body and continue with the next ________.
- iteration
- condition
- loop
- statement
The continue statement in a loop is used to skip the remaining part of the current iteration (loop body) and move on to the next iteration. It helps control the flow of a loop.