How do you ensure that your Express app is secure and defends against common web vulnerabilities?
- Not using any middleware
- Regularly updating Express to the latest version
- Implementing security middleware, validating user inputs, and using secure coding practices
- Hiding your server's IP address
To ensure that your Express app is secure and defends against common web vulnerabilities, you should implement security middleware, validate user inputs to prevent injection attacks, and follow secure coding practices to mitigate risks. Regularly updating Express is also essential for security.
You are developing a function that needs to merge two objects, with the second object overwriting the properties of the first one if there is a conflict. How would you achieve this?
- Object.assign()
- Object.merge()
- Object.combine()
- Object.extend()
To merge two objects with property conflicts, you can use the Object.assign() method. It takes one or more source objects and copies their properties to a target object. If properties with the same name exist in the target object, they will be overwritten by the source object's properties.
What is the significance of defining relationships between different entities in a database schema?
- Improving data integrity and consistency
- Reducing data retrieval time
- Simplifying query complexity
- Increasing storage efficiency
Defining relationships in a database schema is crucial for improving data integrity and consistency. Relationships help maintain referential integrity, ensuring that data remains accurate and reliable when related records are updated or deleted. While relationships can impact query complexity and storage, their primary purpose is to maintain data quality.
How can closures be used to create private variables in JavaScript?
- By declaring variables with the private keyword inside a function.
- By defining variables in the global scope.
- By using the const keyword to declare variables.
- By declaring variables inside a function that is not accessible from outside the function.
Closures can be used to create private variables in JavaScript by declaring variables inside a function. These variables are not accessible from outside the function, effectively creating encapsulation and data hiding.
You are optimizing an application with significant read and write operations. What considerations would you need to address while implementing caching to balance read and write efficiency?
- Cache Invalidation
- Write-Through Caching
- Expiry-Based Caching
- Write-Behind Caching
When optimizing an application with significant read and write operations, Write-Through Caching is a crucial consideration. Write-Through Caching ensures that data is both read and written to the cache and the underlying data store simultaneously, maintaining consistency. Cache Invalidation and Expiry-Based Caching are more focused on read operations, and Write-Behind Caching can lead to data inconsistency if not managed carefully.
How can you set HTTP headers in the response object when using the http module?
- response.headers = {...}
- response.setHeader(name, value)
- response.setHeaders({...})
- response.addHeader(name, value)
To set HTTP headers in the response object when using the http module, you should use response.setHeader(name, value). This method allows you to set individual headers with their corresponding values. The other options are not valid methods for setting headers.
How does end-to-end (E2E) testing differ from integration testing in terms of scope?
- E2E testing focuses on testing the entire application flow, including user interfaces and interactions.
- Integration testing focuses on testing the interaction between individual components or modules of an application.
- E2E testing uses real data, while integration testing uses synthetic data.
- E2E testing is faster than integration testing.
End-to-end (E2E) testing examines the application's entire flow, including user interfaces and interactions. Integration testing, on the other hand, concentrates on testing how different components or modules work together within the application.
What does the scripts section in the package.json file primarily contain?
- Dependencies
- Code comments
- Build instructions
- Custom command shortcuts
The scripts section in the package.json file primarily contains custom command shortcuts. These shortcuts allow you to run commonly used commands for your project, such as starting the application, running tests, or building the project. They are defined as key-value pairs where the key is the name of the command, and the value is the command to execute.
In OAuth 2.0, the ________ endpoint is used by the client to obtain the authorization from the resource owner.
- Authorization
- Token
- Redirect
- Consent
In OAuth 2.0, the "Authorization" endpoint is used by the client to obtain authorization from the resource owner. This step is part of the OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow, where the client redirects the resource owner to the authorization server to grant access. The "Token" endpoint (Option 2) is used to exchange an authorization code for an access token. The "Redirect" endpoint (Option 3) typically refers to where the authorization server redirects the resource owner after granting or denying access. "Consent" (Option 4) is a user interaction step but not an OAuth endpoint.
What is the proper way to handle errors in EJS views?
- try-catch
- error-handler middleware
- if-else
- throw
In EJS views, the proper way to handle errors is by using error-handler middleware in your Node.js application. This middleware can catch and handle errors, allowing you to display appropriate error pages or messages in your views. The other options (try-catch, if-else, and throw) are not typically used for handling errors in EJS views.