How can the fs module handle reading very large files without loading the entire file into memory?
- By using the fs.readFile() method
- By using the fs.read() method
- By using the fs.createReadStream() method
- By using the fs.loadLargeFile() method
To handle reading very large files without loading the entire file into memory, you can use the fs.createReadStream() method. This method reads the file in small chunks, which allows you to process large files efficiently without consuming excessive memory. The other options do not provide a built-in mechanism for handling large files in this manner.
You are working on a project where multiple microservices need to interact with the same database. How would you manage model definitions and migrations in Sequelize to ensure consistency across services?
- Define and migrate models within each microservice separately.
- Share a single database schema across microservices.
- Utilize a central microservice to handle all model definitions and migrations.
- Don't use Sequelize in a microservices architecture.
In a microservices architecture, it's best to utilize a central microservice to handle all model definitions and migrations. This approach ensures consistency and avoids duplicating efforts. Options 1 and 2 can lead to inconsistencies and increased complexity, while option 4 is an extreme suggestion and may not be feasible.
What is the significance of HTTP/2 in web performance optimization compared to HTTP/1.x?
- HTTP/2 uses multiplexing to allow multiple requests and responses to be sent in parallel over a single connection.
- HTTP/2 is a more secure version of HTTP/1.x.
- HTTP/2 reduces the need for server-side caching.
- HTTP/2 requires fewer resources on the client-side compared to HTTP/1.x.
HTTP/2 significantly improves web performance compared to HTTP/1.x by introducing features like multiplexing, which allows multiple requests and responses to be sent concurrently over a single connection. This reduces latency and speeds up web page loading. The other options are not accurate representations of HTTP/2's benefits.
In schema design, the property that ensures that only valid data is stored in the database is known as ________.
- Validation
- Verification
- Constraints
- Authentication
In schema design, the property that ensures that only valid data is stored in the database is known as "Constraints." Constraints include rules such as unique keys, primary keys, foreign keys, and check constraints that enforce data integrity and validity.
JSON Web Tokens (JWT) are composed of three parts: a header, a payload, and a ______.
- signature
- key
- footer
- token
JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) are composed of three parts: a header, a payload, and a signature. The signature is used to verify the authenticity of the token and ensure that it has not been tampered with. The other options are not components of JWTs.
While developing a utility library for DOM manipulation, how can closures be employed to create interface methods while keeping some of the implementation details private?
- Expose all implementation details in global scope
- Use closures to create private variables and functions, exposing only necessary interface methods
- Use global variables to store utility functions
- Use anonymous functions for all DOM manipulation
Closures can be used to create private variables and functions within the library, allowing you to expose only the necessary interface methods while keeping implementation details private. Exposing all details in the global scope (option a) is not a good practice. Using global variables (option c) and anonymous functions (option d) do not provide the same level of encapsulation and privacy as closures.
Which of the following databases is a NoSQL database?
- MySQL
- SQLite
- MongoDB
- PostgreSQL
MongoDB is a NoSQL database, known for its flexibility in handling unstructured or semi-structured data. It uses a document-oriented data model, making it a popular choice for applications that require dynamic, schema-less data storage. MySQL, SQLite, and PostgreSQL are all SQL databases, which follow a structured, table-based data model.
You have to deploy a Node.js application, but the production environment does not allow internet access, preventing npm packages from being installed. How do you prepare and install the necessary npm packages in such an environment?
- Download packages manually and copy them to the production server
- Use a proxy server to allow internet access for npm
- Bundle all npm packages with your application during development
- Ask the production environment to whitelist npm's servers
To install npm packages in an environment without internet access, you can download packages manually and copy them to the production server. This approach ensures the necessary dependencies are available. Using a proxy server or whitelisting npm's servers may not always be feasible.
In JavaScript, variables declared using the var keyword are hoisted to the top of their ________.
- scope
- function
- declaration
In JavaScript, variables declared using the var keyword are hoisted to the top of their containing function's scope. This means that they are moved to the top of the function during the compilation phase, allowing you to use them before they are declared in the code.
How can you handle errors in a readable stream in Node.js?
- stream.on('error', (err) => { /* Handle error */ });
- stream.catch((err) => { /* Handle error */ });
- stream.error((err) => { /* Handle error */ });
- try { /* Stream operations */ } catch (err) { /* Handle error */ }
In Node.js, you can handle errors in a readable stream by listening to the 'error' event using stream.on('error', (err) => { /* Handle error */ });. The other options are not the correct way to handle errors in streams.