When a process is neither in the 'running' nor 'blocked' state, it is typically in a 'Sleeping' state. In this state, the process is waiting for an event or a specific condition to occur before it can continue execution. The process is temporarily inactive, often due to I/O operations or waiting for a signal.

The correct command to manage and update user passwords in Linux is 'passwd.' It allows users to change their own passwords or allows administrators to manage user accounts. The 'passwd' command interacts with the /etc/shadow file to update password information securely.

NetworkManager is responsible for network interface configuration and automatic switching between networks in Linux. It simplifies network setup and management, making it easier for users to connect to different networks seamlessly.

The "2>&1" notation signifies that both standard error (file descriptor 2) and standard output (file descriptor 1) are redirected to the same location. This is commonly used to capture both error messages and regular output when running commands.

QEMU, when paired with KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine), leverages "hardware" virtualization for better performance. Hardware virtualization allows the virtual machine to directly access the physical hardware, resulting in improved performance compared to software emulation.

The chage command in Linux allows you to change the expiration date of a user's password. It provides a range of options to manage password-related settings, including password expiration.

When a script is not behaving as expected, you can add the set -x option at the top of the script to display each command before it's executed. This is a valuable debugging technique that helps you identify issues in your script by showing each command as it is processed.

A common method to secure SSH beyond just password authentication is to enforce key-based authentication. This method increases security by requiring users to possess a private key in addition to their password, making it much more difficult for unauthorized users to access the system.

You would likely use the getopt command to parse command-line options with both short and long formats. getopt is a versatile command for handling command-line arguments and options in shell scripts, allowing you to specify both short and long options.

The tc command is used to monitor and manipulate IP traffic control settings in Linux. It allows you to manage Quality of Service (QoS), bandwidth, and traffic shaping on network interfaces, making it a crucial tool for network administrators.