To view the route taken by packets to reach a network host, you would use the traceroute command. Traceroute provides a detailed path analysis of how packets traverse the network, including the IP addresses of each hop and response times. It's a valuable tool for diagnosing network issues.

The /etc/hosts file is used to set the hostname and the order in which the system resolves addresses. It contains mappings of IP addresses to hostnames and can be used to define the local system's hostname.

The command used to resize the filesystem on a partition in Linux is resize2fs. This command is used after resizing a partition to adjust the filesystem to use the newly available space.

During an I/O operation, a process might enter the "D" state, which stands for Uninterruptible Sleep. This state indicates that the process is waiting for a resource to become available, and it cannot be interrupted. It's often associated with I/O-related delays or problems.

Containers enable OS-level virtualization, allowing multiple isolated user-space instances to run on the same kernel. They share the host OS's kernel but have separate user spaces, making them lightweight and efficient. Docker and Kubernetes are popular container technologies.

To temporarily change SELinux mode and allow everything while logging violations, you would use the "Permissive" mode. In this mode, SELinux will log policy violations but won't enforce them, which helps troubleshoot and analyze any issues without blocking the application.

The correct command to grant temporary elevated privileges in Linux is sudo, which stands for "superuser do." The sudo command allows authorized users to execute a command as the superuser or another user, providing a level of access control.

The top command provides a bird's-eye view of the system's current resource usage, including CPU, RAM, and swap. It offers real-time monitoring of processes and their resource consumption.

Docker is a technology that allows you to package applications and their dependencies into containers. It's an excellent choice for deploying microservices, as it ensures that each service is encapsulated with its dependencies and configurations, making it highly reproducible and scalable.

In Bash scripting, the test command is used to test for file types and compare values. It is often used with conditional statements like if and elif to perform tests on files, strings, and other expressions. The test command is also equivalent to [ ] in Bash.