The iptables command that allows traffic only from a specific IP address, say 10.0.0.1, to a specific port, say 22, uses the -s (source) option. This option specifies the source IP address from which traffic is allowed.

The chage command in Linux is used to enforce password policies and aging. It allows system administrators to set password expiration, minimum and maximum password age, and other security-related settings for user accounts. This helps enhance the security of the system by ensuring that passwords are regularly updated.

The "dependency resolution" process in a package manager is significant because it ensures that all required libraries and packages are installed to support a software package. It helps in managing complex software dependencies and makes sure that a package can function properly without missing components.

Kernel modules in Linux extend the functionality of the Linux kernel. They allow you to add or remove functionality from the kernel without the need to reboot the system. Kernel modules are a key mechanism for adding device drivers, file systems, and other essential functionalities to the kernel.

The CentOS Linux distribution is enterprise-focused and is backed by Red Hat. It is known for its stability and long-term support, making it a popular choice for enterprise environments.

SSH (Secure Shell) primarily uses the SSH protocol for secure remote access. SSH is a cryptographic network protocol that ensures secure communication over unsecured networks. It provides authentication and encrypted data transfer.

The /tmp directory in Linux is typically used for transient or temporary data. It is often cleared during system boot to ensure it doesn't accumulate unnecessary files and take up space.

To monitor disk activity in real-time on a Linux server, you can use the iotop command. It displays a list of processes and their disk I/O usage, helping you identify which processes are the most disk-intensive.

To temporarily save iptables rules, one would use the command iptables-save > **rules.txt**. This command saves the current firewall rules to a file called "rules.txt" for later use or backup.

Kali Linux is a Linux distribution that focuses primarily on security and is widely used for penetration testing and ethical hacking. It comes pre-installed with a variety of security tools and is maintained by Offensive Security.