Project roles in JIRA are collections of users who have common access rights and permissions within a specific project. They help in managing and controlling access to project resources and functionalities based on user roles.

Global Permissions in JIRA are used to control access to system-wide settings such as user management, application access, and administrative functions.

A "permission scheme" in JIRA is a predefined set of rules that determine the actions users or groups of users can perform within a project or instance. These schemes are applied to projects and define permissions for various operations, such as viewing, creating, editing, or deleting issues, managing project configurations, or accessing certain features.

Issue Linking in JIRA allows users to establish relationships or dependencies between different issues. This helps in tracking related tasks, identifying dependencies, and understanding the overall progress of a project. For example, you can link a bug report to the corresponding feature request, or link an epic to its related user stories.

Customizing a workflow in JIRA is essential for tailoring the issue tracking process to match the unique needs and workflows of different projects or teams. This customization enables organizations to streamline their workflows, enforce business rules, and improve overall productivity and collaboration.

The correct option is "Incremental". Sprint Execution involves delivering incremental increments of product functionality, where at the end of each Sprint, a potentially shippable product increment is delivered, adding value to the product.

Workflow Conditions define the criteria that must be met for a transition to be available on an issue. By reviewing and potentially modifying the conditions associated with the problematic transitions, you can diagnose and resolve workflow issues where transitions are not working as expected. This ensures smooth and consistent workflow behavior within the JIRA instance.

To automate the creation of sub-tasks for specific issue types in JIRA, you would utilize JIRA Automation Rules. With JIRA Automation Rules, you can define triggers, conditions, and actions to automatically create sub-tasks when certain criteria are met, such as specific issue types. By configuring automation rules in JIRA, you can streamline the process of creating sub-tasks and ensure consistency in your workflow, ultimately improving efficiency in issue management.

In JIRA, typical reasons for transitioning an issue from one status to another include completion of a task, need for further review, change in priority, and various other workflow-related actions. All of these options are valid reasons for transitioning an issue.

Permission schemes in JIRA allow project administrators to control access to various project actions, such as creating, editing, or transitioning issues. By assigning appropriate permission schemes, administrators can ensure that only authorized users can perform specific actions within the project.