Devices that have a predefined lifespan after which they should be decommissioned to ensure network security are following the "End-of-Life" principle. This means that after a certain period, these devices are no longer supported and should be replaced or upgraded to maintain security. This is crucial in preventing vulnerabilities that may arise from outdated or unsupported hardware.

The integration of 5G technology in IoT can substantially improve interoperability, ensuring that various IoT devices can communicate effectively and efficiently. This is a challenge that 5G addresses in the IoT landscape.

C++ is often considered the most suitable language for real-time IoT applications due to its efficiency and low-level control over hardware. It allows for precise resource management, which is crucial for real-time systems. While Python, Java, and Ruby have their merits, they may not be as well-suited for real-time IoT.

The process of ensuring that an IoT device operates within its intended purpose and network is called "Device lifecycle management." It involves activities like provisioning, configuration, monitoring, and maintenance to keep the device functioning as expected.

The term "Internet of Things" (IoT) was first coined by Kevin Ashton, a British technology pioneer, in the late 1990s. Ashton used this term to describe a network of objects or "things" connected to the internet, which could communicate and share data without human intervention. This concept laid the foundation for the IoT we know today.

The vision of a global network of interconnected computer networks, which laid the foundation for the Internet of Things (IoT), was first proposed by "J.C.R. Licklider." His ideas and contributions to the development of the ARPANET, a precursor to the internet, were instrumental in shaping the concept of IoT.

CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) is designed specifically for IoT scenarios where resources like memory and bandwidth are limited. It's a lightweight and efficient protocol that is well-suited for IoT devices with constrained capabilities. Unlike HTTP and TCP, CoAP is tailored for these resource-constrained environments.

A significant vulnerability in IoT devices is the use of weak or default passwords, which can be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access. It's essential to use strong, unique passwords to mitigate this risk.

IoT devices often generate diverse data types, including structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data. NoSQL databases are a suitable choice because they can handle various data types, provide flexibility, and scale horizontally to accommodate the growing data from wearable devices.

Requiring both a password and a biometric scan is a form of Two-Factor Authentication (2FA). It adds an extra layer of security beyond a simple password, making it harder for unauthorized users to gain access.