RTOS stands for "Real-Time Operating System." It is an operating system designed for real-time applications where tasks have specific timing constraints.

"Wake on Demand" functionality in IoT devices means that the device remains in a low-power or sleep state until an external stimulus or event triggers it to wake up. This approach helps save power and resources by ensuring that the device is only active when necessary, making it an energy-efficient strategy for IoT applications.

In smart city applications, traffic sensors play a crucial role in collecting real-time traffic data, which is used to manage and optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, and enhance overall transportation efficiency.

Sensors are the components in IoT architecture responsible for gathering data from the environment. They capture data from the physical world, such as temperature, humidity, or motion, and transmit it to other IoT components for processing and analysis.

In IoT projects, the phase where potential risks and challenges are identified is known as "Risk Identification." This process involves recognizing and documenting possible issues that could impact the project's success.

In IoT healthcare applications, remote patient monitoring primarily employs Cellular (3G/4G/5G) Communication. Cellular networks offer widespread coverage and reliable connectivity for transmitting patient data to healthcare providers, ensuring that critical health information can be monitored in real-time.

In a typical WSN, sensor nodes collect and process data. These nodes are responsible for sensing the environment, processing the collected data, and transmitting relevant information to the base station or other nodes in the network.

One of the primary reasons IoT devices employ low-power modes is to conserve battery life. IoT devices are often deployed in remote or inaccessible locations where changing batteries can be challenging, so optimizing power consumption is crucial.

Cloud computing is the technology that primarily supports the vast amount of data generated by IoT devices. IoT devices generate enormous quantities of data, and cloud platforms provide scalable and flexible infrastructure for storing, processing, and analyzing this data. Cloud computing also enables remote access and real-time monitoring of IoT devices.

Energy efficiency is a fundamental aspect of IoT device power management. IoT devices are often battery-powered or have limited power resources, so optimizing energy consumption is critical to prolong battery life and ensure continuous operation.