Which concept in IT governance emphasizes the importance of decision rights and accountability to encourage desirable behavior in the use of IT?
- API (Application Programming Interface)
- COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies)
- ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library)
- SIEM (Security Information and Event Management)
In IT governance, 'COBIT' (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies) is a framework that emphasizes decision rights, accountability, and governance to ensure that IT is used in a way that aligns with business objectives and encourages desirable behavior.
Which protocol is often used for lightweight communication in IoT devices due to its low power consumption?
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
- MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
MQTT is widely used in IoT because it's designed for low-power, efficient communication. MQTT's publish-subscribe model minimizes overhead and is well-suited for resource-constrained devices.
Which type of penetration testing focuses on testing from an attacker's perspective without prior knowledge of the target infrastructure?
- Black-Box Testing
- Gray-Box Testing
- Vulnerability Scanning
- White-Box Testing
'Black-Box Testing' is a type of penetration testing where testers simulate an attacker with no prior knowledge of the target infrastructure. The goal is to identify vulnerabilities as if they were an external attacker.
Which type of attack involves intercepting and possibly altering communications between two parties without their knowledge?
- DDoS Attack
- Malware
- Man-in-the-Middle Attack
- Phishing
A 'Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attack' is a form of cyberattack where an attacker intercepts and possibly alters communications between two parties without their knowledge, compromising data integrity and privacy.
What is the main difference between a shallow neural network and a deep neural network?
- Activation Function
- Learning Rate
- Number of Layers
- Number of Neurons
The main difference between a shallow neural network and a deep neural network is the 'number of layers.' Shallow networks have only a few layers, while deep networks have many hidden layers.
In IT governance, the framework that provides a reference model to organize IT processes and consider their governance is known as _______.
- Agile
- COBIT
- DevOps
- ITIL
COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies) is a widely used framework for IT governance. It provides a set of best practices and standards to organize and govern IT processes, ensuring they align with business goals.
An embedded system, like a microwave or a washing machine, needs an operating system. What type of OS would be most suitable for such systems?
- Linux
- Real-time Operating System (RTOS)
- Windows OS
- macOS
Embedded systems, like microwaves or washing machines, benefit from a 'Real-time Operating System (RTOS)' because it provides predictable and timely responses, essential for control and automation in such devices.
A structured approach to aligning IT with business objectives and ensuring its optimal performance is often referred to as IT _______.
- Alignment
- Collaboration
- Enhancement
- Optimization
IT Alignment is the practice of ensuring that an organization's information technology (IT) strategy and initiatives are closely aligned with its business objectives. This alignment is crucial for maximizing the value IT can provide to the business.
Which optimization algorithm is commonly used to adjust weights in neural networks based on the gradient of the loss function?
- Gradient Descent
- K-Means Clustering
- Principal Component Analysis
- Random Forest
The commonly used optimization algorithm for adjusting weights in neural networks based on the gradient of the loss function is 'Gradient Descent.' It iteratively updates weights to minimize the loss.
Which type of intrusion detection system (IDS) analyzes the traffic on the entire network?
- Anomaly-Based IDS
- Host-Based IDS
- Network-Based IDS
- Signature-Based IDS
A 'Network-Based IDS' (Intrusion Detection System) monitors and analyzes the traffic on the entire network. It's designed to detect unauthorized or malicious network activities.