Which advanced threat in network security involves a cyber attacker establishing a foothold within a network and then moving laterally to access more resources?
- APT (Advanced Persistent Threat)
- DoS (Denial of Service)
- Phishing Attack
- Ransomware
An "APT" (Advanced Persistent Threat) is a complex and prolonged cyberattack where an attacker gains initial access to a network and then stealthily moves laterally to maintain a persistent presence and access more resources.
What is the main difference between a cloud-based "load balancer" and a "traffic manager"?
- Load balancers distribute network traffic across multiple servers.
- Load balancers route traffic based on geographical locations.
- Traffic managers monitor the quality of network traffic.
- Traffic managers provide cybersecurity for cloud-based services.
The main difference is that 'load balancers' distribute incoming network traffic across multiple servers to ensure high availability and optimal resource utilization. 'Traffic managers' typically focus on routing traffic efficiently based on various factors but may not necessarily distribute load.
Which cryptographic scheme provides both authentication and secrecy for a message using block ciphers?
- AES-GCM
- Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange
- HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code)
- RSA
AES-GCM (Advanced Encryption Standard-Galois/Counter Mode) is a cryptographic scheme that combines block cipher (AES) with a mode of operation (GCM) to provide both authentication and secrecy for a message. It ensures the message's confidentiality and verifies its authenticity.
In the context of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), what operation is used to reduce the spatial dimensions of the input volume?
- Batch Normalization
- Normalization
- Pooling
- Weight Initialization
In CNNs, 'pooling' is used to reduce the spatial dimensions of the input volume. Pooling layers downsample the feature maps, which helps in reducing computational complexity while retaining essential information, enabling the network to focus on important features.
A user is running multiple applications simultaneously on their computer. Over time, the computer starts to slow down and becomes less responsive. Which operating system feature can help manage and allocate the CPU's time among the various running applications?
- Device Manager
- Disk Cleanup Utility
- File Explorer
- Task Scheduler
The 'Task Scheduler' is an operating system feature that helps manage and allocate the CPU's time among various running applications. It schedules tasks and processes, ensuring fair and efficient resource allocation.
A computer or network that is compromised and used as a launch point for malicious attacks against other systems is referred to as a _______.
- Botnet
- Honey Pot
- Proxy Server
- Zero-Day Vulnerability
A 'Proxy Server' is a computer or network device that can be compromised and used to route malicious traffic, making it appear as if the attacks are originating from a different source.
Which encryption method ensures that a message can only be decrypted by a specific recipient using their private key?
- Symmetric Encryption
- Asymmetric Encryption
- Hashing
- Public Key Encryption
"Asymmetric Encryption" (Option b) uses a pair of keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. This ensures that a message encrypted with the recipient's public key can only be decrypted using their private key, providing secure communication.
A cybersecurity analyst comes across a file that appears benign but suspects it might contain concealed malicious code. Which analysis technique would be most suitable to inspect the file without executing it?
- Behavioral Analysis
- Dynamic Analysis
- Signature-based Analysis
- Static Analysis
When dealing with a file suspected of containing concealed malicious code, 'Static Analysis' is the most suitable technique. It involves examining the file's code and structure without executing it to identify potential threats.
Which ACID property ensures that once a transaction is committed, it remains permanent even in the event of system failures?
- Atomicity
- Consistency
- Durability
- Isolation
The 'Durability' property in the ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) transaction model ensures that once a transaction is committed, the changes are permanent and will survive system failures, such as power outages or crashes.
In ITSM, which process focuses primarily on restoring services to normal operation as quickly as possible?
- Change Management
- Incident Management
- Problem Management
- Service Level Management
'Incident Management' in IT Service Management (ITSM) primarily focuses on restoring services to normal operation as quickly as possible after an incident or disruption occurs. It aims to minimize service downtime.