You are designing an IoT system for a smart city project that requires real-time processing of data from thousands of sensors spread across the city. Which computing model would be most appropriate to minimize latency?
- Cloud Computing
- Edge Computing
- Fog Computing
- Quantum Computing
In this scenario, 'Edge Computing' is the most appropriate computing model. It involves processing data closer to the data source, reducing latency by minimizing the need to send data to a remote data center (as in cloud computing) or relying on quantum computing, which is not yet widely available for practical IoT applications.
In modern computer systems, the BIOS is stored in _______.
- CD-ROM
- Flash Memory
- Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
- RAM (Random Access Memory)
In modern computers, the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is typically stored in 'flash memory,' a non-volatile memory that retains data even when the power is off.
An organization is looking to understand the correlation between various metrics in their dataset. Which type of visualization would best represent pairwise relationships among multiple variables?
- Bar Chart
- Heatmap
- Pie Chart
- Scatter Plot Matrix
A Scatter Plot Matrix is an effective visualization for understanding the pairwise relationships and correlations between multiple variables. It allows you to see how different metrics relate to each other.
In the context of neural networks, the function used to quantify how far the predicted output is from the actual output is termed as _______.
- Activation Function
- Cost Function
- Gradient Descent
- Loss Function
In neural networks, the term you're looking for is the 'Loss Function.' This function quantifies the difference between the predicted output and the actual output, helping the network learn and improve its predictions during training.
A company has sensitive data they want to transfer over the internet. They decide to use a VPN. What is the primary benefit of this approach in terms of network security?
- Data Compression
- Enhanced Performance
- Lower Latency
- Secure and Encrypted Data Transfer
The primary benefit of using a VPN (Virtual Private Network) for transferring sensitive data is the 'secure and encrypted data transfer.' A VPN creates a secure tunnel for data to pass through, ensuring that data is encrypted and protected from interception during transmission.
Which front-end JavaScript framework introduces the concept of a "virtual DOM" to optimize rendering performance?
- Angular
- Ember.js
- React
- Vue.js
'React' is a front-end JavaScript framework that introduces the concept of a "virtual DOM." This virtual representation of the real DOM is used to optimize rendering by minimizing actual DOM updates, enhancing performance.
In mobile app development, what is the term used to describe software that allows you to create apps for multiple platforms using a single codebase?
- Cross-Platform Development
- Hybrid Development
- Native Development
- Platform-Exclusive Development
'Cross-Platform Development' refers to the approach of building mobile apps that work on multiple platforms (e.g., iOS and Android) using a single codebase. It's cost-effective and efficient.
The _______ field in an IPv4 header determines the priority of the packet.
- DSCP
- IP Address
- Protocol
- TTL
The 'DSCP' (Differentiated Services Code Point) field in an IPv4 header is used to determine the priority and class of service for the packet, allowing for quality of service (QoS) differentiation in IP networks.
A company wants to test its security posture from both inside and outside the organization without its IT team's prior knowledge. What type of penetration test should it conduct?
- Black Box
- Grey Box
- Red Team
- White Box
The company should conduct a 'Red Team' penetration test. A Red Team simulates real-world attacks, attempting to breach security measures with no prior knowledge. This type of test is comprehensive and helps identify vulnerabilities from both inside and outside the organization, providing valuable insights.
In ERP implementations, what is often considered a critical success factor due to its impact on user adoption and efficiency?
- Data Security
- Change Management
- Technical Specifications
- Project Timeline
'Change Management' plays a crucial role in the success of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementations. It focuses on ensuring that employees adapt to new processes and technologies, ultimately impacting user adoption and operational efficiency.