How do you define routes in a Go web application?

Using the http.Route function.
With the route package.
Using the http.HandleFunc function.
By creating a separate routing server.

In Go, you define routes in a web application using the http.HandleFunc function. This function allows you to specify a URL path and associate it with a handler function. When an incoming HTTP request matches the specified path, the associated handler function is executed, allowing you to define what actions should be taken for different routes in your application. This approach is fundamental for defining the structure and behavior of your web application.

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A common use case for Goroutines is to implement a _____ model.

Threaded
Multi-threaded
Concurrent
Parallel

A common use case for Goroutines is to implement a concurrent model. Goroutines allow you to efficiently handle concurrent tasks by creating lightweight threads of execution. Unlike multi-threading, which may involve heavy overhead, Goroutines enable you to easily manage thousands of concurrent tasks in a Go program, making it suitable for building highly concurrent systems.

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What is the primary purpose of Go Modules in dependency management?

To provide versioning for Go packages.
To compile Go programs.
To create Go libraries.
To generate Go documentation.

The primary purpose of Go Modules is to provide versioning for Go packages. Go Modules allow developers to specify and manage dependencies with explicit version information. This ensures that the application uses the correct versions of packages, improving compatibility and reproducibility across different environments. Go Modules help solve the "dependency hell" problem by allowing you to specify which versions of dependencies your project should use.

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Explain the purpose of the defer statement in error handling.

To handle runtime exceptions
To postpone the execution of a function until the end
To skip a specific error
To stop the execution of a program

The defer statement in Go is used to postpone the execution of a function until the surrounding function returns. It's commonly used in error handling to ensure that certain cleanup or resource release actions are performed, even if an error occurs within the function. This is particularly useful for tasks like closing files or releasing locks. The purpose of defer is to help maintain the correctness and reliability of the program, especially in cases where errors might interrupt the normal flow of execution.

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How do you define a function in Go?

func defFunc() { }
func defFunc() { } return
def defFunc() { }
defFunc() { }

In Go, you define a function using the func keyword, followed by the function name, parameters (if any), and the return type (if any). The correct way to define a function with no parameters and no return value is as shown in Option 1. The function name is followed by a pair of parentheses, and the function body is enclosed in curly braces {}. You can specify parameters and return types as needed for your function's purpose.

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How would you use the debug.PrintStack() function in Go?

To print a stack of pancakes.
To print a stack trace of goroutines.
To print the source code of a Go program.
To print the ASCII art of a debugger.

The debug.PrintStack() function in Go is used to print a stack trace of goroutines. When called, it generates a stack trace that shows the sequence of function calls and their execution paths across goroutines in your program. This can be extremely useful for identifying where your program is encountering issues, such as deadlocks or panics. By examining the stack trace, you can pinpoint the location in your code where the problem occurred and gain insights into the call chain that led to it. This is essential for diagnosing and troubleshooting concurrency-related problems in Go programs.

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Explain how you would optimize a slow-running SQL query.

Adding more data to the query for better results.
Using SELECT * to fetch all columns.
Indexing relevant columns and rewriting the query.
Reducing database table complexity and relationships.

Optimizing a slow-running SQL query involves several steps, including indexing relevant columns to speed up data retrieval, rewriting the query to use efficient joins and filters, and avoiding fetching unnecessary columns using SELECT *. Reducing the complexity of database tables and relationships can also contribute to query performance improvement. Optimization aims to reduce query execution time and enhance overall system performance.

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How would you implement middleware in a Go HTTP handler?

By defining a custom middleware function.
By using the built-in http.Middleware package.
By wrapping each HTTP route with a separate router.
Middleware cannot be implemented in Go.

Middleware in Go HTTP handlers is typically implemented by defining custom middleware functions. These functions can be applied to specific routes or globally to the entire application to perform tasks such as logging, authentication, and request/response modification before reaching the actual HTTP handler for a route. Middleware functions are executed in the order they are added, allowing for sequential processing of requests.

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What is the purpose of the go fmt command?

To format and standardize Go code.
To run Go unit tests.
To compile Go programs.
To create a Go module.

The go fmt command in Go is used to format and standardize Go code. It automatically rewrites Go source code to follow a consistent style defined by the Go community. This ensures that all Go code in a project adheres to the same coding conventions, making the codebase more readable and maintainable. It helps in avoiding debates about code formatting within the development team.

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Can you give an example of a predefined error in Go?

io.EOF
fmt.Println()
http.StatusNotFound
make([]int, 0)

An example of a predefined error in Go is io.EOF. It represents the "end of file" condition and is commonly used when reading from an input stream like a file or network connection. If an input operation reaches the end of the file or stream, it returns io.EOF as an error to signal the end of data. This predefined error is part of the Go standard library's io package.

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