Reflection in Go comes with _______ performance overhead compared to direct method calls.
- moderate
- negligible
- no
- significant
Reflection in Go comes with significant performance overhead compared to direct method calls. This is because reflection involves runtime type introspection and dynamic dispatch, which incur additional runtime cost compared to statically typed languages or direct method calls where the compiler can optimize the code more aggressively. Therefore, while reflection offers flexibility, it should be used judiciously, especially in performance-critical code paths.
How does Gorm handle transactions in Go applications?
- Automatically manages transactions internally
- Doesn't support transactions by default
- Relies on native SQL transactions
- Using the Begin, Commit, and Rollback methods
Gorm handles transactions in Go applications by providing methods like Begin, Commit, and Rollback to manually manage transactions. Transactions ensure that a group of database operations either all succeed or fail together, maintaining data consistency.
Which data type in Go is used to represent a sequence of bytes?
- array
- byte
- slice
- string
In Go, the 'byte' data type is used to represent a sequence of bytes. It is an alias for uint8 and is commonly used when dealing with binary data or when representing ASCII characters.
Your team is new to Go programming, and you want to introduce a testing framework that is easy to learn and provides clear and concise test output. Which testing framework would be most suitable for this scenario?
- Convey
- Gomega
- Testify
- Testing
GoConvey is an excellent choice for teams new to Go programming. It comes with a simple syntax that closely resembles plain English, making it easy to write and understand tests. Additionally, GoConvey provides a web-based UI that displays test results in a visually appealing and easy-to-understand manner, which can be beneficial for teams getting started with testing in Go.
In a database transaction, what is the role of the "commit" operation?
- To lock the database for exclusive access
- To permanently apply the changes made in the transaction to the database
- To retrieve data from the database
- To undo the changes made in the transaction
The "commit" operation in a database transaction is responsible for permanently applying the changes made within the transaction to the database. Once a transaction is committed, the changes become visible to other transactions, and they are durably stored in the database, ensuring data persistence. Committing a transaction signifies that all its operations have been successfully completed and are ready to be made permanent.
_______ function is used to report memory allocations during benchmark execution.
- Allocs()
- BenchmarkAllocations()
- MemoryStats()
- ReportAllocs()
In Go benchmarking, the testing package provides the ReportAllocs() function to report memory allocations during benchmark execution, aiding in memory profiling.
Setting _______ connection limits prevents resource exhaustion in database connection pooling.
- dynamic
- fixed
- maximum
- optimized
Setting maximum connection limits prevents resource exhaustion in database connection pooling. By defining a maximum limit, the system ensures that there are not more connections than the system can handle, avoiding resource depletion.
In a large-scale microservices architecture, how can middleware help in enforcing security policies consistently across multiple services written in Go?
- Delegate security enforcement to a separate centralized security team.
- Enforce security policies by embedding them directly into each microservice's codebase.
- Implement middleware to intercept incoming requests and apply security policies before reaching the service handlers.
- Use third-party security tools to monitor and enforce security policies at the network level.
Middleware acts as a centralized point where security policies can be enforced across all microservices consistently. By intercepting incoming requests, middleware can authenticate, authorize, and apply other security measures before they reach the service handlers. Embedding security policies directly into each microservice's codebase can lead to inconsistencies and increase maintenance overhead. Third-party security tools may provide monitoring capabilities but lack the flexibility to enforce custom security policies tailored to your specific needs. Delegating security enforcement to a separate team can create communication barriers and slow down the development process.
What is the concept of "bearer token" in authentication?
- A token carried by a bear
- A token that grants access
- A token that verifies identity
- A token used in encryption
In authentication, a "bearer token" is a type of access token that is issued by the server and grants access to resources. It is called a "bearer token" because the bearer of the token is granted access, without needing to present any other form of identification.
What is the purpose of the 'defer' keyword in Go?
- Defer is used to declare global variables.
- Defer is used to delay the execution of a statement until the surrounding function returns.
- Defer is used to force a function to terminate.
- Defer is used to handle panics in Go.
The 'defer' keyword in Go allows postponing the execution of a function call until the surrounding function returns. It's commonly used for cleanup activities or closing resources after a function exits.