The correct option is PreparedStatement. In Go's database/sql package, a prepared statement is represented using the PreparedStatement interface. Prepared statements can be used to execute the same SQL statement repeatedly with high efficiency.

Reflection in Go enables developers to examine the types of variables dynamically during runtime. It grants access to type information, such as methods and fields, facilitating tasks like serialization, deserialization, and building generic algorithms. This capability is particularly useful in scenarios where the type of an object is unknown until runtime, allowing for flexible and dynamic program behavior.

When the database server is overwhelmed with connection requests, increasing the maximum number of connections in the pool can help accommodate more simultaneous connections, reducing the chances of connections being rejected or queuing up. This can alleviate the performance degradation by allowing the application to handle more concurrent requests. Increasing the maximum number of connections should be done cautiously, considering the database server's capacity and resources.

In Go, the primary package used for SQL database access is database/sql. This package provides a generic interface for working with SQL databases, allowing developers to execute queries and work with result sets efficiently.

Improving code coverage involves writing comprehensive test cases that cover various scenarios and edge cases. Refactoring code to make it more testable can also contribute to better coverage. Increasing the diversity of input data used in testing can uncover corner cases. Prioritizing critical areas for testing ensures that important functionalities are thoroughly tested.

The reflect package in Go provides support for reflection. It exposes types and functions that allow developers to inspect the structure of objects, manipulate their values, and perform type conversions at runtime.

Gorilla Mux handles route conflicts by allowing the use of HandleFunc and PathPrefix methods, which enables the routing of requests to different handlers based on specified patterns.

By default, the HTTP server in Go listens on port 8080. This is the default port for HTTP servers in Go, unless explicitly specified to listen on a different port.

The correct option is 200. HTTP status code 200 indicates that the request was successful. It is commonly used for successful GET requests.

The append() function in Go is used to append elements to a slice. It takes a slice and one or more elements as arguments and returns a new slice with the appended elements. This function is essential for dynamically growing slices.