After making several commits, a developer realizes they need to combine these commits into a single commit. What Git process should they follow?
- Use "git merge" to combine the commits
- Use "git squash" to merge the commits into a single commit
- Use "git combine" to merge the commits
- Use "git rebase" to combine the commits
The correct option is to use "git rebase" to combine the commits into a single commit. Rebase allows the developer to reapply commits on top of another base commit, effectively combining them into a single commit. Squash is used during interactive rebase to merge commits.
In a situation where multiple teams are working on different features simultaneously, how should merge conflicts be addressed to maintain a stable main branch?
- Prioritize conflicts based on team seniority
- Use feature branches and conduct regular merges to main
- Delay conflict resolution until the end of the project
- Create a separate unstable branch for each team
Using feature branches and regularly merging them into the main branch helps detect and resolve conflicts early. It ensures that the main branch remains stable, as conflicts are addressed incrementally. Options 1, 3, and 4 suggest approaches that are not recommended for maintaining a stable main branch in a collaborative environment.
What are the implications of using git rebase in a collaborative environment?
- It simplifies collaboration
- It makes collaboration complex
- It preserves the commit history
- It discards commit history
Git rebase rewrites commit history, which can lead to conflicts for collaborators who have already pulled the changes. It's important to use it carefully in a shared repository to avoid disrupting others' work.
How does the 'pre-receive' Git Hook differ from the 'post-receive' Hook?
- They both trigger before and after receiving data
- 'pre-receive' runs before updates are accepted, and 'post-receive' runs after updates are accepted
- 'pre-receive' runs after updates are accepted, and 'post-receive' runs before updates are accepted
- 'pre-receive' runs only for specific branches, 'post-receive' runs for all branches
The 'pre-receive' hook is invoked before any references are updated, allowing rejection of updates. In contrast, 'post-receive' is invoked after all refs have been updated, making it useful for triggering actions after the update. Understanding their timing is crucial for implementing custom Git workflows.
In a complex project workflow, a __________ Git hook can enforce commit message standards.
- Pre-commit
- Post-commit
- Pre-push
- Post-merge
In a complex project, a "Pre-commit" Git hook can be set up to enforce commit message standards before the actual commit is made. This ensures consistency in commit messages and helps maintain a clean commit history.
Cloud platforms like GitHub provide _________ to facilitate tracking issues and tasks related to the codebase.
- Wiki
- Issue Tracker
- Repository
- Pull Request
GitHub's issue tracker is a powerful tool for tracking bugs, enhancements, and tasks associated with a codebase. It allows collaboration and discussion on specific topics.
During a critical hotfix, a developer has uncommitted changes that are not ready for commit. How should they use Git stash to handle this situation?
- git stash apply
- git stash drop
- git stash save and git stash pop
- git stash save and git stash apply
The developer should use git stash save to save their changes and then git stash apply to reapply them after the hotfix. This ensures that their uncommitted changes are stored safely and can be easily restored without affecting the ongoing hotfix.
To change the commit message of the most recent commit, use the command git commit --_______.
- amend
- edit
- modify
- change
The correct option is amend. The git commit --amend command allows you to modify the most recent commit message. It opens the default text editor for you to make changes. This is useful when you need to fix a typo or provide additional information to the commit message without creating a new commit.
Which Git command is typically used to upload your local repository to a cloud platform?
- git push
- git commit
- git pull
- git merge
The 'git push' command is used to upload the local repository to a remote repository on a cloud platform. It sends local changes to the remote repository, keeping them in sync.
When would you use git checkout instead of git reset to undo changes?
- git checkout is used for switching branches
- git checkout discards changes in the working directory
- git reset is used for switching branches
- git reset discards changes in the working directory
The correct option is git checkout. It is used to discard changes in the working directory by replacing them with the last committed version. On the other hand, git reset is more commonly used for moving the branch pointer and can be more powerful, potentially discarding commits. git checkout is a safer option for simply undoing changes in the working directory.