The primary objective of pairwise testing is to detect defects that may occur due to interactions between different input parameters. By systematically testing combinations of parameter pairs, this method helps identify potential issues that may arise when specific inputs interact with one another.

Pairwise testing cannot guarantee the discovery of all defects in a system. While effective in reducing the number of test cases, it focuses on specific combinations and may not catch defects that arise from interactions not covered in the selected subset. It complements other testing methods for comprehensive defect detection.

Advising a team on incorporating TestComplete involves considering compatibility, cost-benefit, and training/support resources. It's crucial to assess whether TestComplete aligns with the web application, analyze the return on investment, and ensure the team has the necessary resources for training and support.

Configuring Selenium with Explicit Waits and WebDriverWait is the recommended approach for handling dynamic elements that load asynchronously. WebDriverWait allows the automation script to wait for a certain condition to be met before proceeding, ensuring that the elements are loaded before interacting with them. This approach improves test stability and reduces the likelihood of synchronization issues.

Cloud computing provides scalability and flexibility, but it may reduce control over infrastructure. Testers need to consider factors like internet dependency and customization limitations.

Implementing Continuous Deployment (CD) faces challenges such as the risk of unintended consequences, especially in complex systems. Managing rollback procedures, ensuring compatibility with legacy systems, and maintaining minimal impact on deployment speed are crucial considerations in overcoming these challenges.

Implementing model-based testing in complex systems can be challenging due to difficulties in accurately modeling intricate system behavior. Additionally, challenges in maintaining up-to-date models and the associated costs can pose obstacles to successful implementation.

In an Agile environment, collaboration and adaptability are crucial. Collaborating with developers to update automated tests is a recommended strategy. This ensures that functional testing aligns with the changes in the user interface. Conducting exploratory testing helps identify impacts quickly. Regression testing, with a focus on the UI, ensures that existing functionalities are not affected by the changes, maintaining overall product quality.

Test automation primarily aims to enhance the speed and efficiency of the testing process. Automated tests can be executed quickly and repeatedly, leading to faster feedback on the software's functional aspects, allowing for timely identification and resolution of issues.

By integrating Machine Learning algorithms, defect classification becomes predictive, enabling the anticipation of potential issues before they occur. This proactive approach enhances defect resolution strategies by allowing teams to address issues preemptively, resulting in improved software quality and a more efficient testing and development process.