Applying SOLID principles involves using SRP for modular functions, OCP for extensibility, LSP for interoperability, and ISP for encapsulation. This ensures maintainability and scalability in a large-scale project.

The Python module used for logging is called logging. It provides flexible logging of messages and is a built-in module in Python for handling log messages from applications.

Resolving a merge conflict in Git requires reconciling the conflicting changes made in different branches. Developers need to edit the files to harmonize the modifications and create a unified version.

To fix a critical bug in production using Gitflow, create a hotfix branch, make the necessary changes, merge it into both master (for the release) and develop (to ensure the fix is in future releases), and then tag the release for tracking purposes.

Using descriptive commit messages and proper documentation can help in understanding and resolving merge conflicts more effectively. Clear communication through commit messages aids in tracking changes and makes it easier to comprehend the context of conflicting modifications.

In a distributed microservices architecture, using centralized logging and monitoring tools is crucial for effective troubleshooting and performance optimization. This approach provides a unified view of the entire system, aiding in identifying issues and optimizing performance. Individual service logs may not offer a holistic perspective. Alert-based monitoring alone might miss subtler issues, and logging everything at maximum verbosity can lead to excessive data and performance overhead.

The tag defines an image in an HTML document. It is a self-closing tag that requires attributes like src (source) to specify the image file path.

Ensuring the security of sensitive customer data involves multiple measures. HTTPS with SSL/TLS secures data in transit, regular software updates patch vulnerabilities, and storing sensitive data encrypted protects it even if there's unauthorized access.

A deadlock occurs when two or more transactions are waiting indefinitely for each other to release locks, leading to a situation where none of the transactions can proceed. Deadlocks must be resolved to allow the system to continue processing transactions.

In Git, a "conflict" occurs when the changes in two branches are Incompatible. This happens when Git can't automatically merge changes due to conflicting modifications in the same lines of code. Resolving conflicts is necessary before completing the merge or rebase.