Applying SOLID principles involves using SRP for modular functions, OCP for extensibility, LSP for interoperability, and ISP for encapsulation. This ensures maintainability and scalability in a large-scale project.

The Python module used for logging is called logging. It provides flexible logging of messages and is a built-in module in Python for handling log messages from applications.

Using descriptive commit messages and proper documentation can help in understanding and resolving merge conflicts more effectively. Clear communication through commit messages aids in tracking changes and makes it easier to comprehend the context of conflicting modifications.

In a distributed microservices architecture, using centralized logging and monitoring tools is crucial for effective troubleshooting and performance optimization. This approach provides a unified view of the entire system, aiding in identifying issues and optimizing performance. Individual service logs may not offer a holistic perspective. Alert-based monitoring alone might miss subtler issues, and logging everything at maximum verbosity can lead to excessive data and performance overhead.

The tag defines an image in an HTML document. It is a self-closing tag that requires attributes like src (source) to specify the image file path.

Ensuring the security of sensitive customer data involves multiple measures. HTTPS with SSL/TLS secures data in transit, regular software updates patch vulnerabilities, and storing sensitive data encrypted protects it even if there's unauthorized access.

A deadlock occurs when two or more transactions are waiting indefinitely for each other to release locks, leading to a situation where none of the transactions can proceed. Deadlocks must be resolved to allow the system to continue processing transactions.

In Git, a "conflict" occurs when the changes in two branches are Incompatible. This happens when Git can't automatically merge changes due to conflicting modifications in the same lines of code. Resolving conflicts is necessary before completing the merge or rebase.

ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. These properties ensure the reliability and integrity of database transactions. Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single, indivisible unit of work. Consistency ensures that the database remains in a valid state before and after the transaction. Isolation prevents interference between concurrent transactions, and Durability ensures that the changes made by a committed transaction are permanent.

The term NoSQL refers to non-SQL databases. NoSQL databases are designed to handle unstructured or semi-structured data and provide flexibility in data storage and retrieval.