Terraform is a popular configuration management tool used for infrastructure as code. It allows declarative definition and automation of infrastructure resources.

Infrastructure as Code helps in minimizing human errors. By automating the provisioning and management of infrastructure, IaC reduces the risk of manual mistakes in configuration.

The Builder design pattern focuses on constructing a complex object, allowing for step-by-step construction, while the Prototype pattern emphasizes creating new objects by copying an existing one, focusing on cloning.

Concurrency control in a database management system is the process of managing simultaneous access to the database by multiple transactions. It ensures that transactions can operate concurrently without causing data inconsistencies or conflicts. Techniques like locking and isolation levels are employed to maintain the integrity of data during concurrent access.

The main objective of providing feedback in code review is to improve code quality. Constructive feedback helps developers identify and rectify issues, share knowledge, and maintain coding standards, contributing to a better overall software development process.

The Waterfall Model is best suited for projects with well-defined and stable requirements. It follows a linear and sequential approach, where each phase must be completed before moving to the next. While it may lack flexibility for changing requirements, it is effective when the project scope is clear from the beginning.

The purpose of a database lock in concurrency control is to manage concurrent access to ensure data consistency. Locks are mechanisms used to control access to a shared resource, preventing conflicts that may arise when multiple transactions try to access or modify the same data simultaneously.

Encapsulation in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) involves binding data and the methods that manipulate it together. It helps in hiding the internal details of an object and exposing only what is necessary.

The "Network" tab in Browser Developer Tools is used to monitor network activity. It provides insights into the requests and responses made by the browser, helping developers optimize page loading performance.

Log4j is commonly used for logging in web applications. It is a Java-based logging utility that allows developers to generate log statements from their code, helping in debugging, troubleshooting, and monitoring the application's behavior.