In Entity Framework, a non-entity type refers to a type that doesn't map to a table in the database, like a Complex Type. Complex Types are used to represent a structure that doesn't have an identity of its own.

In Entity Framework, querying non-entity types is typically done using LINQ queries. LINQ provides a powerful and intuitive way to query various data sources, including non-entity types.

The primary difference lies in identity and persistence. Entity types map to tables in the database and have an identity, while non-entity types like Complex Types have no identity and don't directly map to tables.

The correct option is Option 1: Select. When querying a non-entity type in Entity Framework, the Select method is commonly used to define the shape of the query result. This method allows you to specify which properties or fields you want to include in the result set.

The correct option is Option 1: Join. To perform a join operation between an entity type and a non-entity type in a LINQ query, you would typically use the Join method. This method allows you to combine records from two different collections based on a specified condition.

The correct option is Option 1: DbQuery. To map a query to a non-entity type in Entity Framework, you need to use the DbQuery class. DbQuery represents a LINQ to Entities query that returns non-entity types, such as primitive types or anonymous types.

Entity Framework optimizes performance in complex queries involving non-entity types by utilizing LINQ query optimization techniques. These techniques involve query translation, which converts LINQ queries into SQL queries optimized for the underlying database. By doing so, Entity Framework can execute queries more efficiently, resulting in improved performance.

Entity Framework provides several advanced techniques for querying non-entity types in scenarios with multiple data sources. Implementing custom mapping strategies allows developers to define how non-entity types are mapped to database tables or views, providing flexibility in handling complex data structures.

Using non-entity types in Entity Framework can impact change tracking in the context. By default, changes to non-entity types are ignored by the context, meaning modifications to these types won't trigger automatic change tracking. Developers need to configure explicit tracking for non-entity types if they require change tracking functionality.

The correct option is "Select." In Entity Framework, the Select method is commonly used to shape the result of a SQL query into a non-entity type. It allows you to project the desired columns and transform them as needed.