The Service Locator pattern is used to maintain a centralized registry of service objects, and provides a single point of access for clients to access the services through a locator object.

The Transfer Object pattern involves a simple object used to pass data between layers, while the Data Access Object pattern involves an object used to perform CRUD operations on a database.

Repository Pattern is used to abstract data access and encapsulate the underlying data storage, making it easier to change data storage solutions without affecting the rest of the application. It also helps to manage the complexity of a software system by providing a clear separation of concerns between the data access logic and the business logic.

The Front Controller pattern provides a centralized request handling mechanism, while the Intercepting Filter pattern provides a way to intercept and modify incoming requests before they are processed by the target resource.

Interpreter pattern is a design pattern that implements a specialized language, allowing the client to express complex operations in a simplified manner. The pattern involves creating an interpreter class that evaluates expressions in the language, and performs the operations specified by the expressions. This pattern can be useful in situations where you want to allow the client to specify complex operations in a concise and easily understandable manner.

J2EE Patterns are a set of design patterns for software development using the Java programming language. These patterns provide solutions to common problems that arise in J2EE-based software development, such as implementing security, managing transactions, and integrating with other systems.

The Service Locator pattern is a J2EE design pattern that abstracts the way to look up and access objects. The objects are managed in a registry, which can be queried for services by client objects.

The Repository Pattern and the Active Record Pattern are different, as the Repository Pattern provides an abstraction over the data access layer, while the Active Record Pattern combines the data access and business logic in a single object.

Design Patterns are usually categorized into three types: Creational, Structural, and Behavioral. Creational patterns deal with object creation mechanisms, trying to create objects in a manner suitable to the situation. Structural patterns deal with object composition, creating relationships between objects to form larger structures. Behavioral patterns focus on communication between objects, what goes on between objects and how they operate together.

The Strategy design pattern allows an object to change its behavior at runtime, while the State design pattern changes the behavior of an object based on its internal state.