Flyweight pattern is a design pattern that uses shared objects to support large numbers of similar objects efficiently. The pattern involves creating a shared object that can be used by multiple clients, reducing the amount of memory required to store the objects. This pattern can be useful in situations where you need to create large numbers of similar objects, but you want to minimize the memory footprint of the application.

An example of Adapter pattern would be a TV with an HDMI port that needs to be connected to a DVD player with a composite video port. The adapter would convert the composite video output into HDMI, allowing the TV and DVD player to work together. This example demonstrates the adapter pattern by showing how two objects with incompatible interfaces can work together through the use of an adapter.

The Singleton pattern ensures that a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to that instance, while the Prototype pattern provides a mechanism for creating object instances that are exact copies of a prototype object

Some of the design patterns used in the JDK library include Decorator, Mediator, State, and Strategy. These patterns are used in various classes and APIs of the Java Standard Library to provide a clean and efficient implementation of common design problems.

A Singleton class in Java can be created by declaring a private constructor and a public static method that returns the only instance of the class. This ensures that there is only one instance of the class in the JVM and that it can be easily accessed by other objects in the system.

The MVC pattern separates application logic into three distinct components, the Model, View and Controller, in order to create a flexible, reusable and scalable code structure.

The Deadly Diamond of Death is a situation in which multiple inheritance results in ambiguity and complexity in the inheritance hierarchy of a system. This can lead to difficulty in maintaining the system and understanding its behavior.

The Adapter pattern is a design pattern used to convert the interface of one class into another interface that a client is expecting. This allows classes with incompatible interfaces to work together.

The Command pattern allows objects to be treated as commands that can be executed, deferred or queued

The Abstract Factory pattern is used to provide an interface for creating families of related or dependent objects, while the Factory pattern is used to create objects without specifying the exact class of object that will be created.