The MVC pattern separates application logic into three distinct components, the Model, View and Controller, in order to create a flexible, reusable and scalable code structure.

The Deadly Diamond of Death is a situation in which multiple inheritance results in ambiguity and complexity in the inheritance hierarchy of a system. This can lead to difficulty in maintaining the system and understanding its behavior.

The Bridge pattern decouples an abstraction from its implementation, allowing the two to vary independently, while the Filter pattern provides a way to filter requests that pass through a set of handlers.

Prototype pattern is a design pattern that creates objects by cloning existing objects, rather than creating new instances from scratch. This pattern involves implementing a prototype interface, which is used to create a new instance of the object. The new instance is a copy of the existing object, with any changes made to the copy not affecting the original.

The Adapter pattern converts the interface of one class into another, while the Bridge pattern decouples an abstraction from its implementation, allowing the two to be varied independently

The Template pattern provides a set of steps to be followed in a defined order, while the Strategy pattern allows for the implementation of a specific algorithm to be swapped out at runtime. Template patterns are meant to be subclassed, while Strategy patterns are meant to be composed.

Design patterns are reusable solutions to common problems that arise in software development. They provide a common vocabulary and a standard way of thinking about a particular problem, making it easier for software developers to communicate and collaborate. Design patterns are not specific to any programming language and can be applied to different programming paradigms, including object-oriented programming.

The Observer pattern involves a one-to-many relationship between objects, where one object (the subject) maintains a list of its dependents (observers) and notifies them of any changes, while the Pub-Sub pattern involves the publish and subscribe mechanism, where the publisher does not know the subscribers and the subscribers do not know the publishers.

Iterator pattern is a design pattern that allows the client to traverse a collection of objects, without exposing the underlying representation of the collection. The pattern involves creating an iterator class that implements the iterator interface, and provides a way for the client to access the elements of the collection one at a time, in a standardized manner. This pattern can be useful in situations where you want to provide a standard way for the client to access the elements of a collection, without exposing the internal representation of the collection.

The Builder pattern is used for creating complex objects step by step, using a builder object to abstract the process of creating the object from the client code