The "defect trend report" provides insights into the stability of a software application by tracking defects over time. This report helps stakeholders understand how the number and severity of defects change throughout the testing process and after releases. By analyzing the trends in defect occurrence and resolution, teams can identify patterns, assess the effectiveness of their testing efforts, and make informed decisions to improve product quality.

Data validation in ETL testing primarily aims at ensuring accuracy by verifying that the data is correctly transformed and loaded into the target system.

Transformation is the stage in ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) process where data is converted or modified according to business rules and requirements before loading it into the target system.