A test progress report provides a summary of the progress made during testing, including the number of test cases executed, how many passed, and how many failed. It gives stakeholders a quick overview of the testing status and helps in tracking the overall progress of the testing effort. This report is crucial for project managers and stakeholders to assess the current state of the project and make informed decisions about the release readiness.

SQLUnit: SQLUnit is a database testing tool specifically designed for unit testing of SQL queries. It provides a framework for writing and executing unit tests for SQL code, helping developers ensure the correctness and reliability of their SQL queries.

Functional testing is the type of SQL testing that verifies the correctness of SQL queries. It ensures that the SQL queries perform the intended operations accurately and return the expected results. Functional testing involves testing individual functions or features of the software to validate their behavior according to the specified requirements.

In database testing, ensuring the integrity of data is crucial. This involves validating that the data stored in the database is accurate, consistent, and adheres to constraints such as primary key constraints, foreign key constraints, and data types. Verifying data completeness, consistency, and security are all part of ensuring data integrity.

The correct SQL statement for deleting records from a table based on a condition is "DELETE FROM Employees WHERE." This statement allows you to specify a condition, such as salary being below a certain threshold, and deletes all matching records from the "Employees" table.

Database schema testing involves examining the connections or relationships between various tables to ensure that data consistency is maintained across the database. Relationships define how data in one table relates to data in another.

Database security testing involves assessing the security measures implemented in a database. System testing specifically evaluates the entire system, including its interactions with other systems, making it the appropriate option for identifying vulnerabilities and weaknesses at a comprehensive level.

The primary goal of query optimization during performance testing is to minimize query execution time and resource consumption. By optimizing queries, database administrators aim to improve overall system performance, reduce response times, and enhance the scalability of the database system. This involves techniques such as index optimization, query rewriting, and efficient resource allocation.

In this scenario, the issue represents a Discretionary Access Control (DAC) problem. DAC allows users to have control over their own resources and data, often leading to situations where users can grant access to others unnecessarily, as seen with the junior analyst having access to sensitive data they don't need. Implementing stricter access controls, such as Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) or Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC), would help mitigate this risk by ensuring that only authorized individuals can access sensitive data based on their roles or attributes.

Test data preparation in database testing refers to the process of generating data that will be used to test various aspects of the database, including its functionality, performance, and scalability. This involves creating realistic data sets that mimic the production environment and cover various scenarios that the database might encounter during actual usage.