Aggregation is the process of summarizing data to provide insights into trends or patterns. It involves applying functions like SUM, AVG, MIN, and MAX to data sets, helping analysts and decision-makers draw meaningful conclusions from large datasets. Aggregation is a fundamental concept in data analysis and reporting.

Conceptual schema design is typically part of the design phase in the database development life cycle. This phase focuses on creating a high-level data model that captures the essential entities and relationships in the system.

Vertical partitioning involves splitting tables based on columns, which means dividing a table into smaller, more manageable parts based on specific columns. This can be beneficial for improving query performance and managing data more efficiently.

A composite key consists of multiple columns to uniquely identify a record, whereas a single-column key uses only one column for this purpose. Composite keys are often used when a single column cannot guarantee uniqueness.

In graph databases, edges often have labels to denote the type or nature of the relationship. Labels provide a way to categorize relationships, making it easier to understand the semantics of connections between nodes. This enhances the readability and querying capabilities of graph databases.

The process of aggregating data from various sources into a fact table is known as Aggregation. This involves summarizing and combining data to provide a more comprehensive view for analysis. Aggregation is a key step in data warehousing, enabling efficient reporting and analysis of large datasets.

In data warehousing, Dimensional Modeling involves aggregating data at a higher level of granularity. It focuses on organizing data in a way that supports efficient querying and reporting, often using fact and dimension tables to represent business processes.

Techniques like vector clocks are commonly used to achieve eventual consistency in NoSQL databases. Vector clocks help in tracking and ordering updates across distributed nodes, enabling eventual convergence of data while allowing for some level of asynchrony.

Modality in a relationship between entities indicates the presence or absence of entities in the relationship. It describes whether a related entity is optional or mandatory, providing insights into the completeness of the relationship.

Collaboration features in ER diagram tools for intermediate users are significant as they facilitate teamwork and concurrent design. Multiple team members can work on the same project simultaneously, ensuring efficient collaboration and reducing the chances of conflicts in the database design process.