Disjoint constraints in an ERD with superclasses and subclasses are represented by a square, while overlapping constraints are depicted by a circle. A diamond shape is commonly used to denote the generalization relationship between superclass and subclasses.

Collaboration improves data model quality by incorporating diverse perspectives and expertise. Involving various stakeholders ensures that different viewpoints are considered, leading to a more comprehensive and accurate representation of the organization's data requirements.

Indexing is a common technique used for storage optimization in databases. Indexes provide a way to efficiently retrieve data from a database table based on the values in certain columns. By creating indexes on frequently queried columns, database systems can quickly locate the rows that match a particular search criteria, improving query performance and overall system efficiency.

In class-table inheritance, each subclass is represented by a separate table. This design approach allows for a clear distinction between the attributes specific to each subclass while maintaining a connection to the superclass.

An attribute in a database entity represents a characteristic or property of the entity, such as a name, age, or address. It provides details about the entity and contributes to defining its structure.

Collaboration in data modeling refers to the process of working together to develop data models. This involves input from various stakeholders to ensure that the model accurately represents the organization's requirements. It fosters teamwork and a shared understanding of data structures.

For tracking changes in product prices over time, Type 2 Slowly Changing Dimensions (SCD) would be recommended. This type maintains a history of changes by creating new records for each change, preserving the old ones. It allows for accurate tracking of product price changes without altering existing records.

The connections between nodes in a graph database are called "Relationships." These relationships define the associations between different entities represented by the nodes. In a graph structure, relationships play a crucial role in establishing connections.

For financial transaction logs where data integrity is paramount, employing Lossless Compression techniques such as Delta Encoding or Block Compression is advisable. These methods reduce storage size without compromising data accuracy, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements while managing limited storage effectively.

To ensure appropriate linkage in a transportation company's scenario, foreign keys should be used to connect the fact table to dimension tables representing locations, products, and time periods. This enables comprehensive analysis by location, product, and temporal factors.