What are some common methods used to monitor database performance?
- Data encryption, Data compression, and Data deduplication
- Data indexing, Data partitioning, and Data replication
- Data validation, Data normalization, and Data aggregation
- Database performance counters, Query profiling, and Database monitoring tools
Common methods used to monitor database performance include utilizing database performance counters to track key metrics, implementing query profiling to analyze query execution patterns, and employing specialized database monitoring tools to monitor system health and performance in real-time. These methods help identify performance bottlenecks and optimize database operations.
Scenario: A retail company wants to analyze sales data across different regions and product categories. How would you design a Dimensional Model to support this analysis?
- A hybrid approach with both normalized and denormalized structures
- Denormalized tables with dimensions for regions and product categories
- No specific design, as it depends on the specific requirements
- Normalized tables with a focus on minimizing redundancy
In this scenario, a Dimensional Model with denormalized tables is suitable. Denormalization helps in simplifying queries for analytical purposes, and having dimensions for regions and product categories facilitates easy analysis based on these criteria.
In a column-family store, what does a "column-family" represent?
- A collection of rows with similar attributes
- A group of related tables
- A single column in a table
- A subset of columns in a table
In a column-family store, a "column-family" represents a collection of rows with similar attributes. This allows for efficient storage and retrieval of data by organizing related information together, making it suitable for scenarios where data access patterns involve retrieving multiple attributes of a single entity.
Database design tools help users visualize the database schema through _______.
- Code and Scripts
- Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERD)
- Graphs and Charts
- Tables and Fields
Database design tools like MySQL Workbench or Microsoft Visio use Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERD) to help users visualize the database schema. ERDs illustrate the relationships between entities and their attributes, aiding in the understanding and planning of the database structure.
In relational schema design, a _______ key uniquely identifies a record within a table.
- Candidate
- Composite
- Foreign
- Primary
In relational schema design, a primary key uniquely identifies a record within a table. It serves as a unique identifier for each row and ensures data integrity in the table.
_______ is the highest level of normalization that a relational database can achieve.
- Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
- Fifth Normal Form (5NF)
- Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
- Third Normal Form (3NF)
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) is the highest level of normalization that a relational database can achieve. It ensures that there are no non-trivial functional dependencies of attributes on the primary key.
An attribute is said to be _______ if it is dependent on the primary key, as well as on some other attribute(s) within the same table.
- Composite
- Derived
- Multivalued
- Transitive
An attribute is said to be Transitive if it is dependent on the primary key, as well as on some other attribute(s) within the same table. This situation is resolved by normalization to reduce redundancy.
A large e-commerce website experiences slow query performance due to a massive volume of customer data. What relational schema design technique could you employ to optimize storage and enhance query performance?
- Denormalization
- Indexing
- Normalization
- Sharding
In this scenario, to enhance query performance, denormalization can be employed. Denormalization involves introducing redundancy in the database design to reduce the number of joins, leading to faster query execution. It's especially useful when dealing with read-heavy workloads and large datasets.
Conceptual schema design is closely related to __________, ensuring the database accurately represents the real-world domain.
- Database normalization
- Entity-Relationship modeling
- Logical schema design
- Physical schema design
Conceptual schema design is closely related to Entity-Relationship modeling, where the focus is on defining entities, their attributes, and the relationships between them. This step ensures that the database accurately represents the real-world domain.
The process of denormalizing tables in Dimensional Modeling is known as _______.
- Factoring
- Normalization
- Snowflaking
- Star Schema
The process of denormalizing tables in Dimensional Modeling is known as Star Schema. In Star Schema, the Fact table is surrounded by Dimension tables, creating a star-like structure. This denormalized design enhances query performance for analytical queries and reporting.