UML focuses on _______ modeling, while SQL focuses on _______ modeling.
- Behavioral
- Object-oriented
- Procedural
- Relational
UML focuses on Object-oriented modeling, emphasizing the representation of objects, classes, and their relationships. On the other hand, SQL focuses on Relational modeling, dealing with tables, data integrity, and relationships between tables in a relational database.
The process of creating specialized entities from a general entity is called _______.
- Denormalization
- Generalization
- Normalization
- Specialization
The process of creating specialized entities from a general entity is called "Specialization." It involves identifying and defining more specific entities (subtypes) based on common characteristics of a general entity (supertype).
Scenario: A financial institution maintains a database for tracking transactions, accounts, and customers. They need to generate detailed financial reports quickly. How could denormalization be used to optimize reporting queries?
- Create indexed views for financial reports
- Implement partitioning for better data organization
- Introduce redundancy by merging tables to simplify queries
- Normalize tables to reduce redundancy
In this scenario, denormalization can be applied by creating indexed views for financial reports. This involves introducing redundancy strategically to optimize reporting queries, as the indexed views store precomputed results for faster retrieval.
In a graph database, what does a node represent?
- A data attribute
- A record in a table
- A table in the database
- An entity or data point
In a graph database, a node represents an entity or data point. Nodes are used to store and represent individual entities, and relationships between nodes express the connections or associations between these entities. This allows for a flexible and efficient representation of complex relationships in data.
In specialization, what does the term "subtypes" refer to?
- Generalized entities
- Shared attributes
- Specialized entities
- Unique identifiers
In specialization, "subtypes" refer to the specialized entities that are derived from a more generalized entity. These subtypes inherit the attributes and relationships of the parent entity but may also have unique characteristics specific to their subtype.
What is the fundamental data structure used in a Key-Value Store?
- Array
- Hash Table
- Linked List
- Tree
The fundamental data structure used in a Key-Value Store is a Hash Table. Hash Tables provide efficient key-based access to values by mapping keys to specific locations in the table. This allows for quick retrieval of values based on their associated keys.
In a database context, what does the acronym ACID stand for?
- Access, Communication, Isolation, Data
- Association, Concurrency, Integration, Dependability
- Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
- Authentication, Cohesion, Isolation, Decentralization
ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. These are the four key properties that guarantee the reliability of transactions in a database system.
What are some common methods used to monitor database performance?
- Data encryption, Data compression, and Data deduplication
- Data indexing, Data partitioning, and Data replication
- Data validation, Data normalization, and Data aggregation
- Database performance counters, Query profiling, and Database monitoring tools
Common methods used to monitor database performance include utilizing database performance counters to track key metrics, implementing query profiling to analyze query execution patterns, and employing specialized database monitoring tools to monitor system health and performance in real-time. These methods help identify performance bottlenecks and optimize database operations.
Scenario: A retail company wants to analyze sales data across different regions and product categories. How would you design a Dimensional Model to support this analysis?
- A hybrid approach with both normalized and denormalized structures
- Denormalized tables with dimensions for regions and product categories
- No specific design, as it depends on the specific requirements
- Normalized tables with a focus on minimizing redundancy
In this scenario, a Dimensional Model with denormalized tables is suitable. Denormalization helps in simplifying queries for analytical purposes, and having dimensions for regions and product categories facilitates easy analysis based on these criteria.
In a column-family store, what does a "column-family" represent?
- A collection of rows with similar attributes
- A group of related tables
- A single column in a table
- A subset of columns in a table
In a column-family store, a "column-family" represents a collection of rows with similar attributes. This allows for efficient storage and retrieval of data by organizing related information together, making it suitable for scenarios where data access patterns involve retrieving multiple attributes of a single entity.