Which type of relationship in an ERD indicates that each instance of one entity can be associated with multiple instances of another entity?
- Many-to-Many
- Many-to-One
- One-to-Many
- One-to-One
In an ERD, a Many-to-Many relationship indicates that each instance of one entity can be associated with multiple instances of another entity, and vice versa, allowing for complex associations between entities.
________ involves comparing data across multiple sources or systems to identify discrepancies and inconsistencies.
- Data integration
- Data profiling
- Data reconciliation
- Data validation
Data reconciliation involves comparing data from different sources or systems to ensure consistency and accuracy. It helps identify discrepancies, such as missing or mismatched data, between datasets. This process is crucial in data integration projects to ensure that data from various sources align properly and can be combined effectively.
Scenario: During a routine audit, it is discovered that employees have been accessing sensitive customer data without proper authorization. What measures should be implemented to prevent unauthorized access and ensure compliance with data security policies?
- Deny the audit findings, hide access logs, manipulate data to conceal unauthorized access, and disregard compliance requirements
- Downplay the severity of unauthorized access, overlook policy violations, prioritize business continuity over security, and avoid disciplinary actions
- Ignore the findings, blame individual employees, restrict access to auditors, and continue operations without changes
- Review and update access controls, enforce least privilege principles, implement multi-factor authentication, conduct regular audits and monitoring, and provide ongoing training on data security policies and procedures
To prevent unauthorized access and ensure compliance with data security policies, organizations should review and update access controls to restrict permissions based on job roles and responsibilities, enforce least privilege principles to limit access to only necessary resources, implement multi-factor authentication for additional security layers, conduct regular audits and monitoring to detect and deter unauthorized activities, and provide ongoing training to employees on data security policies and procedures. By implementing these measures, organizations can strengthen their security posture, mitigate risks, and maintain compliance with regulatory requirements.
________ feature in data modeling tools ensures that the design conforms to predefined rules and standards.
- Forward Engineering
- Reverse Engineering
- Synchronization
- Validation
The validation feature in data modeling tools ensures that the design adheres to predefined rules and standards, helping maintain consistency and quality in the database schema design process.
Scenario: After finalizing the logical data model for a new database, what would be your next step in the design process?
- Data Warehousing
- Database Implementation
- Indexing
- Physical Data Model
After finalizing the logical data model, the next step would be to proceed with the database implementation phase, where the logical design is translated into the actual database schema and structures, ready for deployment.
What factors should be considered when determining the maximum number of retry attempts?
- Nature of the operation being retried
- Network bandwidth availability
- Service-level agreements (SLAs)
- Time of day
Determining the maximum number of retry attempts requires careful consideration of various factors. The nature of the operation being retried is crucial, as some operations may be more tolerant of retries than others. Service-level agreements (SLAs) also play a significant role, as they dictate acceptable response times and failure rates. Additionally, factors such as network conditions and time of day may influence the likelihood of successful retries and should be taken into account when setting retry policies.
What is a weak entity in an ERD?
- An entity that can exist independently
- An entity that cannot be uniquely identified
- An entity that is strongly related to another entity
- An entity with a single attribute
A weak entity in an ERD is one that cannot be uniquely identified by its attributes alone. It depends on a related entity (owner entity) for its existence and is represented by a double-bordered rectangle.
How does Hadoop YARN improve upon the limitations of the classic MapReduce framework?
- It enables real-time data processing
- It enhances fault tolerance and data replication
- It improves data compression techniques
- It introduces a resource management layer, enabling support for diverse processing frameworks
Hadoop YARN (Yet Another Resource Negotiator) improves upon the classic MapReduce framework by introducing a resource management layer, allowing for support of various processing frameworks beyond MapReduce.
The process of replicating data across multiple brokers in Kafka is called ________.
- Distribution
- Partitioning
- Replication
- Sharding
The process of replicating data across multiple brokers in Kafka is called Replication. Kafka ensures fault tolerance and reliability by replicating data across multiple brokers in a Kafka cluster.
What is Apache Spark primarily used for?
- Big data processing
- Data visualization
- Mobile application development
- Web development
Apache Spark is primarily used for big data processing, enabling fast and efficient processing of large datasets across distributed computing clusters. It provides various libraries for diverse data processing tasks.